zhì

Zhi · the will

Reviewed · 2026-09

At a glance

Pinyin
zhì
Simplified
Literal
What is set on, what a person is bent on; the directed mind.
Shuowen
《說文解字》:志,意也。

At a glance

The thing in a person that has a direction. Suwen 2 is the chapter of this word: every season has its instruction for the will — let it grow, keep it from anger, settle it, hide it.

The graph is 心, heart, under 之, to go: the heart going toward something. That is the sense the texts use — not willpower but direction.

Suwen 2 gives the will a different instruction in every season. In spring, cause it to grow (以使志生). In summer, keep it from anger (使志無怒). In autumn, settle it (使志安寧) and do not send it outward (無外其志). In winter, as though crouching, as though concealed (使志若伏若匿). Four seasons, four directions for the same thing.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
Direction of mind
What a person is set on
使志生 — Suwen 2
2
Desire, appetite 志閒而少欲
Paired with 欲 in Suwen 1
志閒而少欲 — Suwen 1

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
2 passages
Huangdi Neijing · Suwen Suwen 2 · On Regulating the Spirit with the Qi of the Four Seasons Read in context →
使若伏若匿,若有私意,若已有得 使若伏若匿,若有私意,若已有得
shǐ zhì ruò fú ruò nì, ruò yǒu sī yì, ruò yǐ yǒu dé
Let the will be as though crouching, as though concealed, as though holding a private intent, as though having already gained something.
Four 若 in a row — the chapter reaches for simile because the state has no plain name.
Huangdi Neijing · Suwen Suwen 1 · On Innate Vitality in Antiquity Read in context →
是以閒而少欲,心安而不懼,形勞而不倦 是以闲而少欲,心安而不惧,形劳而不倦
shì yǐ zhì xián ér shǎo yù, xīn ān ér bù jù, xíng láo ér bù juàn
So their wills were at ease and desires few, hearts at peace and without fear, bodies laboring yet not wearied.
志 and 欲 are separated here: desire is few because the will is at ease.

Compounds built on this term

志意
zhì yì
will and intent
The pair, used together in later chapters
五志
wǔ zhì
the five wills
Joy, anger, grief, pensiveness, fear, as harms

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

This sitethe willClosest available word, read as direction rather than resolve.Common Englishmind, intentionEither works; "willpower" overstates.

Entry status

Reviewed by [reviewer] 待署名

2026-09

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Reading path

This term belongs to Foundations — the five core concepts, in the order the Suwen introduces them.