huáng dì wèn yuē: zhěn fǎ hé rú?
黄帝问道：诊病的方法究竟是怎样的呢？
The Yellow Emperor asks: What is the method of diagnosis like?
qí bó duì yuē: zhěn fǎ cháng yǐ píng dàn, yīn qì wèi dòng, yáng qì wèi sàn, yǐn shí wèi jìn, jīng mài wèi shèng, luò mài tiáo yún, qì xuè wèi luàn, gù nǎi kě zhěn yǒu guò zhī mài.
岐伯回答说：诊病通常应当在平旦进行：此时阴气尚未扰动，阳气尚未布散，饮食尚未进用，经脉之气尚未充盛，络脉之气调和平匀，气血尚未被扰乱，所以才能够诊察出有病的脉象。
Qibo replies: Diagnosis is regularly done at dawn. The yin qi has not yet stirred, the yang qi has not yet dispersed, food and drink have not yet been taken, the conduit vessels are not yet full, the network vessels are evenly regulated, and the qi and blood are not yet disordered — therefore one can examine the pulse for what is amiss.
qiè mài dòng jìng, ér shì jīng míng, chá wǔ sè, guān wǔ zàng yǒu yú bù zú, liù fǔ qiáng ruò, xíng zhī shèng shuāi, yǐ cǐ cān wǔ, jué sǐ shēng zhī fēn.
要切按脉象的动静，同时观察眼神的精明，审察面部的五色，观看五脏的有余与不足、六腑的强与弱，以及形体的盛与衰；把这些材料交错比对、互为参验，才可以判定死生的分际。
Feel the pulse for its movement and stillness; observe the brightness of the eyes; examine the five colours; look at the excess and insufficiency of the five depots and the strength and weakness of the six palaces, and at the flourishing or decline of the body’s form. Cross-reference these with one another, and decide where life and death divide.
4
夫脉者，血之府也，長則氣治，短則氣病，數則煩心，大則病進。
夫脉者，血之府也，长则气治，短则气病，数则烦心，大则病进。
fú mài zhě, xuè zhī fǔ yě, cháng zé qì zhì, duǎn zé qì bìng, shuò zé fán xīn, dà zé bìng jìn.
脉是血的府库。脉来长，是气机调畅；脉来短，是气机有病；脉来数，则心烦不宁；脉来大，是病势在进展。
The pulse is the storehouse of the blood. If it is long, the qi is in order; if short, the qi is diseased; if rapid, the heart is vexed; if large, the illness is advancing.
5
上盛則氣高，下盛則氣脹，代則氣衰，細則氣少，濇則心痛，渾渾革至如涌泉，病進而色弊，緜緜其去如弦絶，死。
上盛则气高，下盛则气胀，代则气衰，细则气少，涩则心痛，浑浑革至如涌泉，病进而色弊，绵绵其去如弦绝，死。
shàng shèng zé qì gāo, xià shèng zé qì zhàng, dài zé qì shuāi, xì zé qì shǎo, sè zé xīn tòng, hún hún gé zhì rú yǒng quán, bìng jìn ér sè bì, mián mián qí qù rú xián jué, sǐ.
上部脉盛，是气上逆而高；下部脉盛，是气胀于下。脉来代，是气衰；脉来细，是气少；脉来涩，则心痛。脉来浑浑然而革至，如泉水之涌出，是病势进展而面色败坏；脉去绵绵然，如弓弦之断绝，是死证。
If the upper part is full, the qi rides high; if the lower part is full, the qi is distended. An intermittent pulse means the qi is failing; a thin pulse means the qi is scant; a rough pulse means pain in the heart. A pulse that comes turbulent and urgent like a gushing spring means the illness is advancing and the complexion is deteriorating; one that departs faint and faint, like a bowstring snapping, means death.
6
夫精明五色者，氣之華也。赤欲如白裹朱，不欲如赭；白欲如鵝羽，不欲如鹽。青欲如蒼璧之澤，不欲如藍；黄欲如羅裹雄黄，不欲如黄土；黑欲如重漆色，不欲如地蒼。五色精微象見矣，其壽不久也。
夫精明五色者，气之华也。赤欲如白裹朱，不欲如赭；白欲如鹅羽，不欲如盐。青欲如苍璧之泽，不欲如蓝；黄欲如罗裹雄黄，不欲如黄土；黑欲如重漆色，不欲如地苍。五色精微象见矣，其寿不久也。
fú jīng míng wǔ sè zhě, qì zhī huá yě. chì yù rú bái guǒ zhū, bù yù rú zhě; bái yù rú é yǔ, bù yù rú yán. qīng yù rú cāng bì zhī zé, bù yù rú lán; huáng yù rú luó guǒ xióng huáng, bù yù rú huáng tǔ; hēi yù rú chóng qī sè, bù yù rú dì cāng. wǔ sè jīng wēi xiàng xiàn yǐ, qí shòu bù jiǔ yě.
那眼神的精明与面部的五色，是气的外华。赤色要像白帛裹着朱砂那样明润，不要像赭石那样枯暗；白色要像鹅羽那样光洁，不要像盐那样枯白；青色要像苍璧那样有光泽，不要像蓝草那样沉晦；黄色要像罗绮裹着雄黄那样明润，不要像黄土那样枯槁；黑色要像厚漆那样光亮，不要像地上的苍黑之土那样晦暗。倘若五脏精微之色尽皆暴露而无含蓄，那这个人的寿命就不长久了。
The brightness of the eyes and the five colours are the flower of the qi. Red should be like cinnabar wrapped in white silk, not like ochre. White should be like a goose’s feather, not like salt. Green-blue should be like the sheen of a grey-green jade disc, not like indigo. Yellow should be like realgar wrapped in gauze, not like yellow earth. Black should be like a heavy coat of lacquer, not like dull earth. When the subtle signs of the five colours show themselves thus laid bare, that life will not be long.
7
夫精明者，所以視萬物，别白黑，審短長，以長爲短，以白爲黑，如是則精衰矣。
夫精明者，所以视万物，别白黑，审短长，以长为短，以白为黑，如是则精衰矣。
fú jīng míng zhě, suǒ yǐ shì wàn wù, bié bái hēi, shěn duǎn cháng, yǐ cháng wéi duǎn, yǐ bái wéi hēi, rú shì zé jīng shuāi yǐ.
所谓精明，是用来观看万物、辨别黑白、审察长短的。倘若把长的看成短的、把白的看成黑的，这就说明精气已经衰败了。
The brightness of the eyes is what lets one see the myriad things, distinguish white from black, and judge long from short. If one takes the long for the short and the white for the black, then the essence has declined.
8
五藏者，中之守也。中盛藏滿，氣勝傷恐者，聲如從室中言，是中氣之濕也。
五脏者，中之守也。中盛脏满，气胜伤恐者，声如从室中言，是中气之湿也。
wǔ zàng zhě, zhōng zhī shǒu yě. zhōng shèng zàng mǎn, qì shèng shāng kǒng zhě, shēng rú cóng shì zhōng yán, shì zhōng qì zhī shī yě.
五脏，是人身内部的守护。倘若中焦盛满、脏气壅实，气偏胜而伤于恐，说话的声音重浊如在室中而言，这是中气被湿邪困阻之故。
The five depots are the keepers of the interior. When the centre is full and the depots are distended, and the qi overcomes so that one is harmed by fright, and the voice sounds as though spoken from inside a closed room — this is dampness in the central qi.
9
言而微，終日乃復言者，此奪氣也。衣被不斂，言語善惡，不避親疏者，此神明之亂也。
言而微，终日乃复言者，此夺气也。衣被不敛，言语善恶，不避亲疏者，此神明之乱也。
yán ér wēi, zhōng rì nǎi fù yán zhě, cǐ duó qì yě. yī bèi bù liǎn, yán yǔ shàn è, bù bì qīn shū zhě, cǐ shén míng zhī luàn yě.
说话声音低微，要过一整天才再能接续说话，这是气被夺失。衣被不知敛盖、言语不分好歹、亲疏都不避忌而乱骂乱说，这是神明已经错乱。
If speech is faint and the person only resumes speaking after a whole day, the qi has been snatched away. If clothing and covers are left in disarray, and speech is foul and indiscriminate with no regard for kin or stranger, then the spirit’s clarity is disordered.
10
倉廪不藏者，是門户不要也。水泉不止者，是膀胱不藏也。得守者生，失守者死。
仓廪不藏者，是门户不要也。水泉不止者，是膀胱不藏也。得守者生，失守者死。
cāng lǐn bù cáng zhě, shì mén hù bù yào yě. shuǐ quán bù zhǐ zhě, shì páng guāng bù cáng yě. dé shǒu zhě shēng, shī shǒu zhě sǐ.
仓廪不能藏纳水谷，这是门户不能约束。水泉不能收止，这是膀胱不能藏蓄。能保持其守的则生，失去其守的则死。
When the granary does not store, the gates are not secured. When the water spring does not stop, the bladder does not store. What keeps its guard, lives; what loses its guard, dies.
11
夫五藏者，身之强也。頭者，精明之府，頭傾視深，精神將奪矣；背者，胸中之府，背曲肩隨，府將壞矣；腰者，腎之府，轉摇不能，腎將憊矣；膝者，筋之府，屈伸不能，行則僂附，筋將憊矣；骨者，髓之府，不能久立，行則振掉，骨將憊矣。得强則生，失强則死。
夫五脏者，身之强也。头者，精明之府，头倾视深，精神将夺矣；背者，胸中之府，背曲肩随，府将坏矣；腰者，肾之府，转摇不能，肾将惫矣；膝者，筋之府，屈伸不能，行则偻附，筋将惫矣；骨者，髓之府，不能久立，行则振掉，骨将惫矣。得强则生，失强则死。
fú wǔ zàng zhě, shēn zhī qiáng yě. tóu zhě, jīng míng zhī fǔ, tóu qīng shì shēn, jīng shén jiāng duó yǐ; bèi zhě, xiōng zhōng zhī fǔ, bèi qū jiān suí, fǔ jiāng huài yǐ; yāo zhě, shèn zhī fǔ, zhuǎn yáo bù néng, shèn jiāng bèi yǐ; xī zhě, jīn zhī fǔ, qū shēn bù néng, xíng zé lǚ fù, jīn jiāng bèi yǐ; gǔ zhě, suǐ zhī fǔ, bù néng jiǔ lì, xíng zé zhèn diào, gǔ jiāng bèi yǐ. dé qiáng zé shēng, shī qiáng zé sǐ.
五脏，是人身强健的根本。头是精明的府库，头低垂而目光深陷，是精神将要被夺失；背是胸中的府库，背弯曲而肩下垂，是胸中之府将要败坏；腰是肾的府库，转动摇摆不能自如，是肾将要疲惫；膝是筋的府库，屈伸不能，行走就要弯腰依附于物，是筋将要疲惫；骨是髓的府库，不能长久站立，行走则震颤摇动，是骨将要疲惫。能保持其强的则生，失去其强的则死。
The five depots are the strength of the body. The head is the storehouse of brightness: if the head droops and the gaze is sunken, the spirit is about to be taken. The back is the storehouse of the chest: if the back is bent and the shoulders sag, the storehouse is about to be ruined. The loins are the storehouse of the kidney: if they cannot turn, the kidney is about to be exhausted. The knees are the storehouse of the sinews: if they cannot bend and stretch and one must walk stooped and leaning, the sinews are about to be exhausted. The bones are the storehouse of marrow: if one cannot stand long and trembles when walking, the bones are about to be exhausted. What keeps its strength, lives; what loses it, dies.
12
歧伯曰：反四時者，有餘爲精，不足爲消。應太過，不足爲精；應不足，有餘爲消。陰陽不相應，病名曰關格。
岐伯曰：反四时者，有余为精，不足为消。应太过，不足为精；应不足，有余为消。阴阳不相应，病名曰关格。
qí bó yuē: fǎn sì shí zhě, yǒu yú wéi jīng, bù zú wéi xiāo. yīng tài guò, bù zú wéi jīng; yīng bù zú, yǒu yú wéi xiāo. yīn yáng bù xiāng yìng, bìng míng yuē guān gé.
岐伯说：脉与四时相反的时候，脉应有余而反见有余者为精气充盛，脉应不足而见不足者为消损。时令当太过而脉反不足，是精气内充而不外泄之象，故为精；时令当不足而脉反有余，是邪气有余而正消之象，故为消。阴阳之气彼此不相呼应、上下格拒不通，这种病名叫关格。
Qibo says: When it runs counter to the four seasons, excess is essence and insufficiency is wasting. Where the season should be excessive, insufficiency means essence; where the season should be insufficient, excess means wasting. When yin and yang do not answer one another, the illness is called barrier and rejection.
13
帝曰：脉其四時動柰何？知病之所在柰何？知病之所變柰何？知病乍在内柰何？知病乍在外柰何？請問此五者，可得聞乎？
帝曰：脉其四时动奈何？知病之所在奈何？知病之所变奈何？知病乍在内奈何？知病乍在外奈何？请问此五者，可得闻乎？
dì yuē: mài qí sì shí dòng nài hé? zhī bìng zhī suǒ zài nài hé? zhī bìng zhī suǒ biàn nài hé? zhī bìng zhà zài nèi nài hé? zhī bìng zhà zài wài nài hé? qǐng wèn cǐ wǔ zhě, kě dé wén hū?
黄帝说：脉随四时而动，是怎样的？怎样知道病之所在？怎样知道病的变化？怎样知道病忽然在内？怎样知道病忽然在外？请问这五个问题，可以讲给我听吗？
The Emperor says: How does the pulse move with the four seasons? How does one know where the illness is? How does one know how the illness will change? How does one know when the illness is suddenly within? How does one know when it is suddenly without? May I hear about these five things?
14
歧伯曰：請言其與天運轉大也。萬物之外，六合之内，天地之變，陰陽之應，彼春之暖，爲夏之暑；彼秋之忿，爲冬之怒，四變之動，脉與之上下，以春應中規，夏應中矩，秋應中衡，冬應中權。
岐伯曰：请言其与天运转大也。万物之外，六合之内，天地之变，阴阳之应，彼春之暖，为夏之暑；彼秋之忿，为冬之怒，四变之动，脉与之上下，以春应中规，夏应中矩，秋应中衡，冬应中权。
qí bó yuē: qǐng yán qí yǔ tiān yùn zhuǎn dà yě. wàn wù zhī wài, liù hé zhī nèi, tiān dì zhī biàn, yīn yáng zhī yìng, bǐ chūn zhī nuǎn, wéi xià zhī shǔ; bǐ qiū zhī fèn, wéi dōng zhī nù, sì biàn zhī dòng, mài yǔ zhī shàng xià, yǐ chūn yìng zhòng guī, xià yìng zhòng jǔ, qiū yìng zhòng héng, dōng yìng zhòng quán.
岐伯说：请让我说脉与天体运行相应的大道理。万物之外、六合之内，天地的变易、阴阳的感应，那春日的温暖，发展为夏日的暑热；那秋日的忿急，发展为冬日的怒厉。这四时的变动，脉也随之而上下浮沉：春脉应合于规，夏脉应合于矩，秋脉应合于衡，冬脉应合于权。
Qibo says: Let me speak of how it corresponds to the great turning of heaven. Outside the myriad things, within the six directions, in the changes of heaven and earth and the answering of yin and yang — the warmth of that spring becomes the heat of summer; the resentment of that autumn becomes the anger of winter. As these four changes move, the pulse rises and falls with them: in spring it answers to the compasses, in summer to the square, in autumn to the balance beam, in winter to the weight.
15
是故冬至四十五日，陽氣微上，陰氣微下；夏至四十五日，陰氣微上，陽氣微下。陰陽有時，與脉爲期，期而相失，知脉所分。分之有期，故知死時。
是故冬至四十五日，阳气微上，阴气微下；夏至四十五日，阴气微上，阳气微下。阴阳有时，与脉为期，期而相失，知脉所分。分之有期，故知死时。
shì gù dōng zhì sì shí wǔ rì, yáng qì wēi shàng, yīn qì wēi xià; xià zhì sì shí wǔ rì, yīn qì wēi shàng, yáng qì wēi xià. yīn yáng yǒu shí, yǔ mài wéi qī, qī ér xiāng shī, zhī mài suǒ fēn. fēn zhī yǒu qī, gù zhī sǐ shí.
所以冬至以后四十五日，阳气微微上升，阴气微微下降；夏至以后四十五日，阴气微微上升，阳气微微下降。阴阳的消长各有其时，与脉象相应而各有定期；到了该相应的时期而脉与时不相应，就可以由此知道脉之所分。既知其所分之期，也就可以推知死时。
Thus for forty-five days after the winter solstice the yang qi rises slightly and the yin qi declines slightly; for forty-five days after the summer solstice the yin qi rises slightly and the yang qi declines slightly. Yin and yang have their seasons and keep appointment with the pulse. When the appointment is missed, one knows where the pulse has diverged; and since the divergence has its own timing, one knows the hour of death.
16
微妙在脉，不可不察。察之有紀，從陰陽始。始之有經，從五行生；生之有度，四時爲宜。補冩勿失，與天地如一，得一之情，以知死生。是故聲合五音，色合五行，脉合陰陽。
微妙在脉，不可不察。察之有纪，从阴阳始。始之有经，从五行生；生之有度，四时为宜。补写勿失，与天地如一，得一之情，以知死生。是故声合五音，色合五行，脉合阴阳。
wēi miào zài mài, bù kě bù chá. chá zhī yǒu jì, cóng yīn yáng shǐ. shǐ zhī yǒu jīng, cóng wǔ xíng shēng; shēng zhī yǒu dù, sì shí wéi yí. bǔ xiě wù shī, yǔ tiān dì rú yī, dé yī zhī qíng, yǐ zhī sǐ shēng. shì gù shēng hé wǔ yīn, sè hé wǔ xíng, mài hé yīn yáng.
最微妙的道理就在脉上，不能不细察。察脉有纲纪，从阴阳开始；这开始又有常法，从五行而生；五行之生又有节度，以四时为宜。补泻不可失误，要与天地之道合而为一；所以声音合于五音、气色合于五行、脉象合于阴阳，三者各有所合，诊者当参合以求之。
The subtle and the minute lie in the pulse, and must be examined. Examination has a rule: begin with yin and yang. The beginning has a standard, born of the five phases; their birth has a measure, and the four seasons are what suit it. Do not err in supplementing and draining; be one with heaven and earth. Grasp the truth of the One, and thereby know life and death. Thus sound accords with the five tones, colour with the five phases, and the pulse with yin and yang.
17
是知陰盛，則夢涉大水恐懼，陽盛，則夢大火燔灼，陰陽俱盛，則夢相殺毁傷。上盛，則夢飛；下盛，則夢墮。
是知阴盛，则梦涉大水恐惧，阳盛，则梦大火燔灼，阴阳俱盛，则梦相杀毁伤。上盛，则梦飞；下盛，则梦堕。
shì zhī yīn shèng, zé mèng shè dà shuǐ kǒng jù, yáng shèng, zé mèng dà huǒ fán zhuó, yīn yáng jù shèng, zé mèng xiāng shā huǐ shāng. shàng shèng, zé mèng fēi; xià shèng, zé mèng duò.
由此可知：阴气盛，就会梦见涉渡大水而恐惧；阳气盛，就会梦见大火焚烧；阴阳俱盛，就会梦见互相厮杀伤毁。上部气盛，就会梦见飞翔；下部气盛，就会梦见坠落。
Thus: if yin is exuberant one dreams of wading through great water in terror; if yang is exuberant one dreams of great fire blazing and burning; if both yin and yang are exuberant one dreams of killing and wounding one another. If the upper is exuberant one dreams of flying; if the lower is exuberant one dreams of falling.
18
甚飽則夢予，甚飢則夢取。肝氣盛，則夢怒，肺氣盛，則夢哭。短蟲多，則夢聚衆，長蟲多，則夢相擊毁傷。
甚饱则梦予，甚饥则梦取。肝气盛，则梦怒，肺气盛，则梦哭。短虫多，则梦聚众，长虫多，则梦相击毁伤。
shèn bǎo zé mèng yǔ, shèn jī zé mèng qǔ. gān qì shèng, zé mèng nù, fèi qì shèng, zé mèng kū. duǎn chóng duō, zé mèng jù zhòng, cháng chóng duō, zé mèng xiāng jī huǐ shāng.
过饱就会梦见给予别人，过饥就会梦见索取食物。肝气盛，就会梦中发怒；肺气盛，就会梦中啼哭。腹中短虫多，就会梦见众人聚集；长虫多，就会梦见互相击打杀伤。
Very full, one dreams of giving; very hungry, one dreams of taking. If liver qi is exuberant one dreams of anger; if lung qi is exuberant one dreams of weeping. With many short worms one dreams of crowds gathering; with many long worms one dreams of striking and wounding one another.
19
是故持脉有道，虚靜爲保。春日浮，如魚之遊在波；夏日在膚，泛泛乎萬物有餘；秋日下膚，蟄蟲將去；冬日在骨，蟄蟲周密，君子居室。
是故持脉有道，虚静为保。春日浮，如鱼之游在波；夏日在肤，泛泛乎万物有余；秋日下肤，蛰虫将去；冬日在骨，蛰虫周密，君子居室。
shì gù chí mài yǒu dào, xū jìng wéi bǎo. chūn rì fú, rú yú zhī yóu zài bō; xià rì zài fū, fàn fàn hū wàn wù yǒu yú; qiū rì xià fū, zhé chóng jiāng qù; dōng rì zài gǔ, zhé chóng zhōu mì, jūn zǐ jū shì.
所以持脉有其法度，以虚静为最要。春日的脉浮而在表，如同鱼游在水波之中；夏日的脉在肤表，泛泛然如万物之有余；秋日的脉下于肤，如蛰伏之虫将要离去；冬日的脉沉在于骨，如蛰虫周密潜藏，又如君子深居内室。
Therefore there is a way of holding the pulse, and emptiness and stillness are its safeguard. In spring it floats, like a fish swimming in the ripples. In summer it is at the skin, buoyant, as though the myriad things had more than enough. In autumn it descends below the skin, as hibernating insects are about to depart. In winter it is at the bone, as hibernating insects close themselves in, and as the gentleman stays within his chamber.
20
故曰：知内者按而紀之，知外者終而始之。此六者，持脉之大法。
故曰：知内者按而纪之，知外者终而始之。此六者，持脉之大法。
gù yuē: zhī nèi zhě àn ér jì zhī, zhī wài zhě zhōng ér shǐ zhī. cǐ liù zhě, chí mài zhī dà fǎ.
所以说：要知道在内的脏腑之病，就从按脉而求其纲纪；要知道在外的经脉之病，就从脉之终始而推求。这六项，是持脉的大法。
Hence it is said: to know what is within, press and take its rule; to know what is without, follow it from end to beginning. These six are the great methods of holding the pulse.
21
心脉，搏堅而長，當病舌卷不能言，其耎而散者，當消環自已。
心脉，搏坚而长，当病舌卷不能言，其软而散者，当消环自已。
xīn mài, bó jiān ér cháng, dāng bìng shé juǎn bù néng yán, qí ruǎn ér sàn zhě, dāng xiāo huán zì yǐ.
心脉搏击指下、坚实而长，会得舌卷而不能言语的病；若脉来软弱而散，则是病当消而经气环周之后自愈。
If the heart pulse is beating hard and long, the illness will be curled tongue and inability to speak. If it is soft and scattered, the illness should disperse and resolve of itself after a circuit.
22
肺脉搏堅而長，當病唾血，其耎而散者，當病，灌汗，至今不復散發也。
肺脉搏坚而长，当病唾血，其软而散者，当病，灌汗，至今不复散发也。
fèi mài bó jiān ér cháng, dāng bìng tuò xuè, qí ruǎn ér sàn zhě, dāng bìng, guàn hàn, zhì jīn bù fù sàn fā yě.
肺脉搏坚而长，会得咳唾带血的病；若脉来软弱而散，则会得「灌汗」之病，到了那时就不能再用发散之法。
If the lung pulse is beating hard and long, the illness will be spitting blood. If it is soft and scattered, the illness will be drenching sweat; and from then on, one must not disperse and effuse again.
23
肝脉搏堅而長，色不青，當病墜若搏，因血在脅下，令人喘逆，其耎而散，色澤者，當病溢飲，溢飲者，渴暴多飲，而易入肌皮腸胃之外也。
肝脉搏坚而长，色不青，当病坠若搏，因血在胁下，令人喘逆，其软而散，色泽者，当病溢饮，溢饮者，渴暴多饮，而易入肌皮肠胃之外也。
gān mài bó jiān ér cháng, sè bù qīng, dāng bìng zhuì ruò bó, yīn xuè zài xié xià, lìng rén chuǎn nì, qí ruǎn ér sàn, sè zé zhě, dāng bìng yì yǐn, yì yǐn zhě, kě bào duō yǐn, ér yì rù jī pí cháng wèi zhī wài yě.
肝脉搏坚而长，而面色不见青，则当是坠堕或击搏所伤，因瘀血留积在胁下，使人喘息上逆；若脉来软弱而散，而面色反见润泽，则当是溢饮之病。溢饮的成因，是忽然口渴而大量饮水，水不能化，就容易渗入肌肉皮肤之间、肠胃之外。
If the liver pulse is beating hard and long and the complexion is not green, the illness will be a fall or a blow, because blood has collected below the flanks, causing panting and counterflow. If it is soft and scattered and the complexion is glossy, the illness will be overflow rheum: when one is very thirsty and drinks heavily, the fluid easily passes into the space between the flesh and skin and outside the stomach and intestines.
24
胃脉搏堅而長，其色赤，當病折髀，其耎而散者，當病食痺。脾脉搏堅而長，其色黄，當病少氣，其耎而散，色不澤者，當病足䯒腫，若水狀也。
胃脉搏坚而长，其色赤，当病折髀，其软而散者，当病食痹。脾脉搏坚而长，其色黄，当病少气，其软而散，色不泽者，当病足䯒肿，若水状也。
wèi mài bó jiān ér cháng, qí sè chì, dāng bìng zhé bì, qí ruǎn ér sàn zhě, dāng bìng shí bì. pí mài bó jiān ér cháng, qí sè huáng, dāng bìng shǎo qì, qí ruǎn ér sàn, sè bù zé zhě, dāng bìng zú héng zhǒng, ruò shuǐ zhuàng yě.
胃脉搏坚而长，面色发赤，会得髀部如折之痛的病；若脉来软弱而散，则会得食痹。脾脉搏坚而长，面色发黄，会得少气之病；若脉来软弱而散，而面色不润泽，则会得足胫浮肿之病，肿势如同水肿一般。
If the stomach pulse is beating hard and long and the complexion red, the illness will be a snapping pain in the thigh. If it is soft and scattered, the illness will be food obstruction. If the spleen pulse is beating hard and long and the complexion yellow, the illness will be scant qi. If it is soft and scattered and the complexion lacks sheen, the illness will be swelling of the lower leg, like the appearance of water.
25
腎脉搏堅而長，其色黄而赤者，當病折腰，其耎而散者，當病少血，至今不復也。
肾脉搏坚而长，其色黄而赤者，当病折腰，其软而散者，当病少血，至今不复也。
shèn mài bó jiān ér cháng, qí sè huáng ér chì zhě, dāng bìng zhé yāo, qí ruǎn ér sàn zhě, dāng bìng shǎo xuè, zhì jīn bù fù yě.
肾脉搏坚而长，面色黄而兼赤，会得腰痛如折的病；若脉来软弱而散，则会得血少之病，到了那时就难以恢复了。
If the kidney pulse is beating hard and long and the complexion is yellow and red, the illness will be a snapping pain in the loins. If it is soft and scattered, the illness will be scant blood, and there will be no recovery from then on.
26
帝曰：診得心脉而急，此爲何病？病形何如？歧伯曰：病名心疝，少腹當有形也。帝曰：何以言之？
帝曰：诊得心脉而急，此为何病？病形何如？岐伯曰：病名心疝，少腹当有形也。帝曰：何以言之？
dì yuē: zhěn dé xīn mài ér jí, cǐ wéi hé bìng? bìng xíng hé rú? qí bó yuē: bìng míng xīn shàn, shào fù dāng yǒu xíng yě. dì yuē: hé yǐ yán zhī?
黄帝说：诊得心脉急，这是什么病？病的形态是怎样的？岐伯说：病名叫心疝，少腹部应当有可见可触的形块。黄帝说：凭什么这样说呢？
The Emperor says: If the heart pulse is found to be tight, what illness is this, and what is its form? Qibo says: The illness is called heart shan; the lower abdomen should show a form. The Emperor says: How can that be said?
27
歧伯曰：心爲牡藏，小腸爲之使，故曰少腹當有形也。
岐伯曰：心为牡脏，小肠为之使，故曰少腹当有形也。
qí bó yuē: xīn wèi mǔ zàng, xiǎo cháng wèi zhī shǐ, gù yuē shào fù dāng yǒu xíng yě.
岐伯说：心是牡脏，小肠是它的使役，小肠位居少腹，所以说少腹部应当有可见之形。
Qibo says: The heart is a male depot, and the small intestine is its envoy; therefore it is said that the lower abdomen should show a form.
28
帝曰：診得胃脉，病形何如？歧伯曰：胃脉實則脹，虚則泄。
帝曰：诊得胃脉，病形何如？岐伯曰：胃脉实则胀，虚则泄。
dì yuē: zhěn dé wèi mài, bìng xíng hé rú? qí bó yuē: wèi mài shí zé zhàng, xū zé xiè.
黄帝说：诊得胃脉有病，病的形态是怎样的？岐伯说：胃脉实，就会腹胀；胃脉虚，就会泄泻。
The Emperor says: If the stomach pulse is examined, what is the form of the illness? Qibo says: If the stomach pulse is replete there is distension; if empty, there is diarrhoea.
dì yuē: bìng chéng ér biàn, hé wèi? qí bó yuē: fēng chéng wéi hán rè, dān chéng wéi xiāo zhōng, jué chéng wéi diān jí, jiǔ fēng wéi sūn xiè, mài fēng chéng wéi lì. bìng zhī biàn huà, bù kě shèng shǔ.
黄帝说：病既已成而又能变化，是怎么讲的？岐伯说：风邪成病，则变为寒热；热邪成病，则变为消中；厥气成病，则变为巅疾；风邪久留，则变为飧泄；风邪客于脉中，则变为癘。病的变化，是不可尽数的。
The Emperor says: What does it mean that an illness, once formed, changes? Qibo says: Wind, once formed, becomes cold and heat; heat, once formed, becomes wasting in the centre; counterflow, once formed, becomes disease of the crown; long-standing wind becomes food-diarrhoea; wind in the vessels becomes pestilent sores. The transformations of illness cannot be counted.
dì yuē: zhū yōng zhǒng jīn luán gǔ tòng, cǐ jiē ān shēng? qí bó yuē: cǐ hán qì zhī zhǒng, bā fēng zhī biàn yě. dì yuē: zhì zhī nài hé?
黄帝说：各种痈肿、筋脉拘挛、骨节疼痛，这些都是怎么产生的？岐伯说：这是寒气所致的肿，是八风的变化。黄帝说：怎样治疗呢？
The Emperor says: All the swellings, the sinew contractures and the bone pains — how do these arise? Qibo says: These are swellings of cold qi, the changes of the eight winds. The Emperor says: How does one treat them?
31
歧伯曰：此四時之病，以其勝治之愈也。
岐伯曰：此四时之病，以其胜治之愈也。
qí bó yuē: cǐ sì shí zhī bìng, yǐ qí shèng zhì zhī yù yě.
岐伯说：这是四时之病，用五行相胜之法来治疗，就可以痊愈。
Qibo says: These are illnesses of the four seasons; treat them by what overcomes them, and they will be cured.
32
帝曰：有故病，五藏發動，因傷脉色，各何以知其久暴至之病乎？
帝曰：有故病，五脏发动，因伤脉色，各何以知其久暴至之病乎？
dì yuē: yǒu gù bìng, wǔ zàng fā dòng, yīn shāng mài sè, gè hé yǐ zhī qí jiǔ bào zhì zhī bìng hū?
黄帝说：有旧病在身，五脏因而发动，脉与气色也随之受伤，那么各凭什么来分辨它是久病还是新暴之病呢？
The Emperor says: When there is an old illness and the five depots are stirred and the pulse and complexion are thereby injured, how does one know in each case whether the illness is long-standing or of sudden onset?
33
歧伯曰：悉乎哉問也。徴其脉小，色不奪者，新病也。徴其脉不奪，其色奪者，此久病也；徴其脉與五色俱奪者，此久病也；徴其脉與五色俱不奪者，新病也。
岐伯曰：悉乎哉问也。征其脉小，色不夺者，新病也。征其脉不夺，其色夺者，此久病也；征其脉与五色俱夺者，此久病也；征其脉与五色俱不夺者，新病也。
qí bó yuē: xī hū zāi wèn yě. zhēng qí mài xiǎo, sè bù duó zhě, xīn bìng yě. zhēng qí mài bù duó, qí sè duó zhě, cǐ jiǔ bìng yě; zhēng qí mài yǔ wǔ sè jù duó zhě, cǐ jiǔ bìng yě; zhēng qí mài yǔ wǔ sè jù bù duó zhě, xīn bìng yě.
岐伯说：问得真详尽啊。征验他的脉见小，而气色未失，这是新病；征验他的脉不失其常，而气色已失，这是久病；征验他的脉与五色都已失其常，这也是久病；征验他的脉与五色都未失其常，这是新病。
Qibo says: How thorough your question is. Examine it: if the pulse is small but the complexion is not lost, this is a new illness. If the pulse is not lost but the complexion is lost, this is a long illness; if both pulse and the five colours are lost, this is a long illness; if neither pulse nor the five colours is lost, this is a new illness.
34
肝與腎脉並至，其色蒼赤，當病毁傷不見血，已見血，濕若中水也。
肝与肾脉并至，其色苍赤，当病毁伤不见血，已见血，湿若中水也。
gān yǔ shèn mài bìng zhì, qí sè cāng chì, dāng bìng huǐ shāng bù jiàn xuè, yǐ jiàn xuè, shī ruò zhòng shuǐ yě.
肝脉与肾脉一并出现，面色苍赤，当是毁伤而未见出血之证；倘若已经见血，则其肿湿之状如同被水气所中一般。
If the liver and kidney pulses arrive together and the complexion is grey-blue and red, the illness will be injury and wounding without visible blood. If blood is already visible, it is damp, as though struck by water.
chǐ nèi liǎng bàng, zé jì xié yě, chǐ wài yǐ hòu shèn, chǐ lǐ yǐ hòu fù. zhōng fù shàng zuǒ wài yǐ hòu gān, nèi yǐ hòu gé; yòu wài yǐ hòu wèi, nèi yǐ hòu pí.
尺部内侧的两旁，主候季胁；尺的外侧用以候肾，尺的内侧用以候腹。再向上附于其上之处，左外侧用以候肝，内侧用以候鬲；右外侧用以候胃，内侧用以候脾。
The two sides of the inner forearm correspond to the lower ribs. The outer part of the cubit assesses the kidney, the inner part the abdomen. At the middle attachment above, the left outer side assesses the liver and the inner side the diaphragm; the right outer side assesses the stomach and the inner side the spleen.
36
上附上，右外以候肺，内以候胸中；左外以候心，内以候膻中。前以候前，後以候後。上竟上者，胸喉中事也。下竟下者，少腹腰股膝脛足中事也。
上附上，右外以候肺，内以候胸中；左外以候心，内以候膻中。前以候前，后以候后。上竟上者，胸喉中事也。下竟下者，少腹腰股膝胫足中事也。
shàng fù shàng, yòu wài yǐ hòu fèi, nèi yǐ hòu xiōng zhōng; zuǒ wài yǐ hòu xīn, nèi yǐ hòu dàn zhōng. qián yǐ hòu qián, hòu yǐ hòu hòu. shàng jìng shàng zhě, xiōng hóu zhōng shì yě. xià jìng xià zhě, shào fù yāo gǔ xī jìng zú zhōng shì yě.
再上而附于其上，右外侧用以候肺，内侧用以候胸中；左外侧用以候心，内侧用以候膻中。尺肤的前部以候身之前，后部以候身之后。上部尽于最上端的，主胸中与喉中的事；下部尽于最下端的，主少腹、腰、股、膝、胫、足中的事。
At the upper attachment above, the right outer side assesses the lung and the inner side the centre of the chest; the left outer side assesses the heart and the inner side the chest centre. The front assesses the front, the back assesses the back. What reaches highest above concerns the chest and throat; what reaches lowest below concerns the lower abdomen, loins, thighs, knees, shins and feet.
37
麤大者，陰不足，陽有餘，爲熱中也。來疾去徐，上實下虚，爲厥巔疾；來徐去疾，上虚下實，爲惡風也。故中惡風者，陽氣受也。
粗大者，阴不足，阳有余，为热中也。来疾去徐，上实下虚，为厥巅疾；来徐去疾，上虚下实，为恶风也。故中恶风者，阳气受也。
cū dà zhě, yīn bù zú, yáng yǒu yú, wéi rè zhōng yě. lái jí qù xú, shàng shí xià xū, wéi jué diān jí; lái xú qù jí, shàng xū xià shí, wéi wù fēng yě. gù zhòng wù fēng zhě, yáng qì shòu yě.
脉来粗大，是阴不足而阳有余，这是热中之病。脉来时急疾而去时徐缓，是上部实而下部虚，会成厥巅之疾；脉来徐缓而去时急疾，是上部虚而下部实，这是恶风。所以伤于恶风的，是阳气先受其邪。
A pulse that is coarse and large means yin insufficient and yang in excess: this is heat in the interior. If it comes swift and goes slow, the upper is replete and the lower empty, and this becomes counterflow disease of the crown. If it comes slow and goes swift, the upper is empty and the lower replete, and this is aversion to wind. Therefore one who is struck by wind aversion has yang qi receiving it.
yǒu mài jù chén xì shuò zhě, shào yīn jué yě. chén xì shuò sàn zhě, hán rè yě. fú ér sàn zhě, wéi xuàn pū.
有脉来俱见沉、细、数的，这是少阴之厥。脉见沉、细、数而散的，这是寒热往来之病。脉浮而散的，会发为眴仆。
When the pulse is at once sunken, fine and rapid, this is counterflow of the lesser yin. When it is sunken, fine, rapid and scattered, this is cold and heat. When it is floating and scattered, this becomes dizziness and falling.
39
諸浮不躁者，皆在陽，則爲熱。其有躁者在手，諸細而沈者，皆在陰，則爲骨痛。其有靜者在足，數動一代者，病在陽之脉也，洩及便膿血。
诸浮不躁者，皆在阳，则为热。其有躁者在手，诸细而沉者，皆在阴，则为骨痛。其有静者在足，数动一代者，病在阳之脉也，泄及便脓血。
zhū fú bù zào zhě, jiē zài yáng, zé wéi rè. qí yǒu zào zhě zài shǒu, zhū xì ér chén zhě, jiē zài yīn, zé wéi gǔ tòng. qí yǒu jìng zhě zài zú, shuò dòng yī dài zhě, bìng zài yáng zhī mài yě, xiè jí biàn nóng xuè.
凡脉浮而不躁急的，其病都在阳分，则为热病；其中见躁急的，病在手经。凡脉细而沉的，其病都在阴分，则为骨痛。其中安静而不躁的，病在足经。脉数动而中间有一次歇止的，是病在阳分之脉，会出现泄泻以及大便脓血。
All floating pulses that are not agitated are in yang and mean heat; those that are agitated are in the hand. All fine and sunken pulses are in yin and mean bone pain; those that are calm are in the foot. A pulse that moves rapidly with an intermittence once in a while is illness in the yang vessels, with diarrhoea and bloody pus in the stool.
40
諸過者，切之，濇者，陽氣有餘也；滑者，陰氣有餘也。陽氣有餘，爲身熱无汗，陰氣有餘，爲多汗身寒，陰陽有餘，則无汗而寒。
诸过者，切之，涩者，阳气有余也；滑者，阴气有余也。阳气有余，为身热无汗，阴气有余，为多汗身寒，阴阳有余，则无汗而寒。
zhū guò zhě, qiè zhī, sè zhě, yáng qì yǒu yú yě; huá zhě, yīn qì yǒu yú yě. yáng qì yǒu yú, wéi shēn rè wú hàn, yīn qì yǒu yú, wéi duō hàn shēn hán, yīn yáng yǒu yú, zé wú hàn ér hán.
凡脉有过的，都要切按以辨之：脉涩的，是阳气有余；脉滑的，是阴气有余。阳气有余，则身热而无汗；阴气有余，则多汗而身寒；阴阳俱有余，则无汗而又恶寒。
In all cases where the pulse is amiss, feel it: if it is rough, yang qi is in excess; if it is slippery, yin qi is in excess. Yang qi in excess means the body is hot and without sweat; yin qi in excess means copious sweat and a cold body; both yin and yang in excess means no sweat and yet cold.
41
推而外之，内而不外，有心腹積也。推而内之，外而不内，身有熱也。推而上之，上而不下，腰足清也。推而下之，下而不上，頭項痛也。
推而外之，内而不外，有心腹积也。推而内之，外而不内，身有热也。推而上之，上而不下，腰足清也。推而下之，下而不上，头项痛也。
tuī ér wài zhī, nèi ér bù wài, yǒu xīn fù jī yě. tuī ér nèi zhī, wài ér bù nèi, shēn yǒu rè yě. tuī ér shàng zhī, shàng ér bù xià, yāo zú qīng yě. tuī ér xià zhī, xià ér bù shàng, tóu xiàng tòng yě.
推求脉气于外，而脉气内沉而不外浮的，是心腹之间有积；推求脉气于内，而脉气外浮而不内沉的，是身有热。推求脉气于上，脉气见于上部而不下行的，是腰足清冷；推求脉气于下，脉气见于下部而不上行的，是头项疼痛。
Push it outward: if it stays within and does not go outward, there is accumulation in the heart and abdomen. Push it inward: if it goes outward and does not stay within, the body has heat. Push it upward: if it goes up and does not descend, the loins and feet are cold. Push it downward: if it goes down and does not rise, there is pain in the head and nape.
42
按之至骨，脉氣少者，腰脊痛而身有痺也。
按之至骨，脉气少者，腰脊痛而身有痹也。
àn zhī zhì gǔ, mài qì shǎo zhě, yāo jǐ tòng ér shēn yǒu bì yě.
重按至于骨，脉气仍见微少的，这是肾气不足之候，会有腰脊疼痛而且身有痹证。
Press down to the bone: if the pulse qi is scant, there is pain in the loins and spine and obstruction in the body.