Classica Sinica Medica

A Discourse on the Abdomen

腹中論

Fù zhōng lùn

Chapter 40 is the Suwen's clinic of the belly, and it is the chapter that carries the book's oldest surviving prescription. It opens with drum distension — eat at dawn and you cannot eat at dusk — which is answered with chicken-draff wine, one dose and the patient knows it, two doses and it is finished; and with the observation that it returns, not because the medicine failed, but because eating is not moderated. Then comes blood withering, traced to a great loss of blood in youth or to entering the chamber drunk, and answered with the 烏鰂骨–藘茹 pills rolled in sparrow's egg and washed down with abalone juice: four parts cuttlebone to one of madder, five pills before the meal. Two 伏梁 follow, the hidden beam, and the second is the chapter's most careful passage on what must not be done: a swelling that has wrapped pus and blood outside the bowel cannot be pressed, cannot be moved, cannot be seized at in haste. The middle of the chapter turns on a social fact: heat-within and wasting-within are illnesses of the rich, and the aromatic herbs and mineral drugs the rich can afford are precisely what their condition cannot bear, because hot qi and fierce drug qi meet and damage the spleen. The close is a run of short, memorable judgements — counterflow that must not be cauterised or stoned until the qi has combined; the pregnant woman who is ill and yet has no deviant pulse; and the heat illness whose pain is the three yang stirring, onefold at the man's greeting for the lesser yang, twofold for the greater, threefold for the yang brightness, and then it enters the yin.

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黄帝問曰：有病心腹滿，旦食則不能暮食，此爲何病？ 黄帝问曰：有病心腹满，旦食则不能暮食，此为何病？
Huáng dì wèn yuē: yǒu bìng xīn fù mǎn, dàn shí zé bù néng mù shí, cǐ wéi hé bìng?
黄帝问道：有一种病，心腹胀满，早晨吃了东西，到晚上就不能再吃，这是什么病？
The Yellow Emperor asks: there is an illness in which the heart and abdomen are full; if one eats at dawn one cannot eat at dusk. What illness is this?
歧伯對曰：名爲鼓脹。 歧伯对曰：名为鼓胀。
Qí bó duì yuē: míng wéi gǔ zhàng.
歧伯回答说：这病名叫鼓胀。
Qi Bo replies: it is named drum distension.
帝曰：治之柰何？ 帝曰：治之奈何？
Dì yuē: zhì zhī nài hé?
黄帝说：怎样治疗呢？
The Emperor says: how is it treated?
歧伯曰：治之以雞矢醴，一劑知，二劑已。 歧伯曰：治之以鸡矢醴，一剂知，二剂已。
Qí bó yuē: zhì zhī yǐ jī shǐ lǐ, yī jì zhī, èr jì yǐ.
歧伯说：用鸡矢醴治疗，服一剂就见效果，服两剂病就好了。
Qi Bo says: treat it with chicken-draff sweet wine — one dose and the patient knows it, two doses and it is over.
帝曰：其時有復發者，何也？ 帝曰：其时有复发者，何也？
Dì yuē: qí shí yǒu fù fā zhě, hé yě?
黄帝说：这种病有时又会复发，是什么缘故呢？
The Emperor says: there are those who have a return of it in season. Why is that?
歧伯曰：此飲食不節，故時有病也。 歧伯曰：此饮食不节，故时有病也。
Qí bó yuē: cǐ yǐn shí bù jié, gù shí yǒu bìng yě.
歧伯说：这是因为饮食不加节制，所以时常发病。
Qi Bo says: this is because eating and drinking are not held to measure, and therefore there is illness from time to time.
雖然，其病且已，時故當病，氣聚於腹也。 虽然，其病且已，时故当病，气聚于腹也。
Suī rán, qí bìng qiě yǐ, shí gù dāng bìng, qì jù yú fù yě.
虽然如此，病势将要痊愈的时候，到时候仍会发病，这是因为气聚于腹中的缘故。
Even so, though the illness is on the point of settling, in season it will still be there as before — for the qi is gathered in the abdomen.
帝曰：有病胸脅支滿者，妨於食，病至則先聞腥臊臭，出清液，先唾血，四支清，目眩，時時前後血，病名爲何？何以得之？ 帝曰：有病胸胁支满者，妨于食，病至则先闻腥臊臭，出清液，先唾血，四肢清，目眩，时时前后血，病名为何？何以得之？
Dì yuē: yǒu bìng xiōng xié zhī mǎn zhě, fáng yú shí, bìng zhì zé xiān wén xīng sāo xiù, chū qīng yè, xiān tuò xuè, sì zhī qīng, mù xuàn, shí shí qián hòu xuè, bìng míng wéi hé? hé yǐ dé zhī?
黄帝说：有人胸胁支撑胀满，妨碍进食；病发作时先闻到腥臊的气味，吐出清稀的口水，接着唾血，四肢发凉，目眩，又时常大小便下血。这病叫什么名字？是怎样得的？
The Emperor says: there is an illness in which the chest and flanks are propped full, so that eating is hindered; when the illness comes on one first smells a fishy, rank odour, brings up clear fluid, then spits blood; the four limbs are cold, the eyes are dazzled, and there is blood from time to time in front and behind. What is the illness named? How is it got?
歧伯曰：病名血枯。此得之年少時，有所大脱血，若醉入房中，氣竭肝傷，故月事衰少不來也。 歧伯曰：病名血枯。此得之年少时，有所大脱血，若醉入房中，气竭肝伤，故月事衰少不来也。
Qí bó yuē: bìng míng xuè kū. Cǐ dé zhī nián shào shí, yǒu suǒ dà tuō xuè, ruò zuì rù fáng zhōng, qì jié gān shāng, gù yuè shì shuāi shǎo bù lái yě.
歧伯说：病名叫血枯。这种病得于年少之时，曾经大量失血；或者酒醉之后行房，气竭而肝伤，所以月经衰少不来。
Qi Bo says: the illness is named blood withering. It is got in the years of youth, when there has been a great loss of blood, or when one enters the chamber drunk: the qi is spent and the liver is hurt, and so the monthly affair dwindles and does not come.
帝曰：治之柰何？復以何術？ 帝曰：治之奈何？复以何术？
Dì yuē: zhì zhī nài hé? fù yǐ hé shù?
黄帝说：怎样治疗呢？又用什么方法呢？
The Emperor says: how is it treated? And by what art?
歧伯曰：以四烏鰂骨，一藘茹，二物并合之，丸以雀卵，大如小豆，以五丸爲後飯，飲以鮑魚汁，利腸中及傷肝也。 歧伯曰：以四乌鲗骨，一藘茹，二物并合之，丸以雀卵，大如小豆，以五丸为后饭，饮以鲍鱼汁，利肠中及伤肝也。
Qí bó yuē: yǐ sì wū zéi gǔ, yī lǘ rú, èr wù bìng hé zhī, wán yǐ què luǎn, dà rú xiǎo dòu, yǐ wǔ wán wéi hòu fàn, yǐn yǐ bào yú zhī, lì cháng zhōng jí shāng gān yě.
歧伯说：用四份乌鲗骨、一份藘茹，把两味合并，用雀卵和为丸，像小豆那么大，每次饭前服五丸，用鲍鱼汁送下，可以通利肠中，并顾及受伤的肝。
Qi Bo says: take four of cuttlebone and one of madder, put the two together and pill them with sparrow’s egg, the size of a small bean; take five pills after which comes the meal, washed down with abalone juice — it frees the inside of the intestines and reaches the damaged liver.
帝曰：病有少腹盛，上下左右皆有根，此爲何病？可治不？ 帝曰：病有少腹盛，上下左右皆有根，此为何病？可治不？
Dì yuē: bìng yǒu shào fù shèng, shàng xià zuǒ yòu jiē yǒu gēn, cǐ wéi hé bìng? kě zhì fǒu?
黄帝说：有一种病，少腹盛满，上下左右都有根柢，这是什么病？可以治吗？
The Emperor says: there is an illness in which the lesser abdomen is swollen, and above, below, left and right it all has a root. What illness is this? Can it be treated?
歧伯曰：病名曰伏梁。 歧伯曰：病名曰伏梁。
Qí bó yuē: bìng míng yuē fú liáng.
歧伯说：这病名叫伏梁。
Qi Bo says: the illness is named the hidden beam.
帝曰：伏梁何因而得之？ 帝曰：伏梁何因而得之？
Dì yuē: fú liáng hé yīn ér dé zhī?
黄帝说：伏梁是因什么而得的呢？
The Emperor says: by what cause is the hidden beam got?
歧伯曰：裹大膿血，居腸胃之外，不可治；治之，每切按之，致死。 歧伯曰：裹大脓血，居肠胃之外，不可治；治之，每切按之，致死。
Qí bó yuē: guǒ dà nóng xuè, jū cháng wèi zhī wài, bù kě zhì; zhì zhī, měi qiè àn zhī, zhì sǐ.
歧伯说：它裹藏着大量的脓血，居处在肠胃之外，不可治疗；如果治它，每每一按切就会致死。
Qi Bo says: it wraps a great mass of pus and blood and lodges outside the intestines and stomach; it cannot be treated. Treat it, and every time it is pressed and palpated, death is brought on.
帝曰：何以然？ 帝曰：何以然？
Dì yuē: hé yǐ rán?
黄帝说：为什么会这样呢？
The Emperor says: why is it so?
歧伯曰：此下則因陰，必下膿血，上則迫胃脘，生鬲，俠胃脘内癰。 歧伯曰：此下则因阴，必下脓血，上则迫胃脘，生膈，侠胃脘内痈。
Qí bó yuē: cǐ xià zé yīn yīn, bì xià nóng xuè, shàng zé pò wèi wǎn, shēng gé, xié wèi wǎn nèi yōng.
歧伯说：这种病在下就因循于阴分，必定下脓血；在上就逼迫胃脘，生出膈膜，夹着胃脘成为内痈。
Qi Bo says: below, it follows the yin, and pus and blood are necessarily passed; above, it presses upon the stomach duct and gives rise to a diaphragm — an abscess within, flanking the stomach duct.
此久病也，難治。居齊上爲逆，居齊下爲從，勿動亟奪。 此久病也，难治。居脐上为逆，居脐下为从，勿动亟夺。
Cǐ jiǔ bìng yě, nán zhì. Jū qí shàng wéi nì, jū qí xià wéi cóng, wù dòng jí duó.
这是长久的病，难以治疗。病位在脐以上的为逆，在脐以下的为顺；不可妄动，不可急夺。
This is a long-standing illness, hard to treat. Lodged above the navel it goes against the grain; lodged below the navel it follows the grain. Do not move it; do not snatch at it in haste.
論在《刺法》中。 论在《刺法》中。
Lùn zài 《Cì fǎ》 zhōng.
相关的论述记载在《刺法》篇中。
The discussion of it is in the Method of Needling.
帝曰：人有身體髀股䯒皆腫，環齊而痛，是爲何病？ 帝曰：人有身体髀股䯒皆肿，环脐而痛，是为何病？
Dì yuē: rén yǒu shēn tǐ bì gǔ héng jiē zhǒng, huán qí ér tòng, shì wéi hé bìng?
黄帝说：有人身体、髀部、大腿、小腿都肿，环绕脐部而痛，这是什么病？
The Emperor says: here is a person whose body, hips, thighs and shanks are all swollen, with pain ringing the navel. What illness is this?
歧伯曰：病名伏梁，此風根也。 歧伯曰：病名伏梁，此风根也。
Qí bó yuē: bìng míng fú liáng, cǐ fēng gēn yě.
歧伯说：病名也叫伏梁，这是以风为根的病。
Qi Bo says: the illness is named the hidden beam; this one has wind at its root.
其氣溢於大腸，而著於肓，肓之原在齊下，故環齊而痛也。 其气溢于大肠，而著于肓，肓之原在脐下，故环脐而痛也。
Qí qì yì yú dà cháng, ér zhuó yú huāng, huāng zhī yuán zài qí xià, gù huán qí ér tòng yě.
它的气溢流到大肠，而附着于肓；肓的原在脐下，所以环绕脐部作痛。
Its qi overflows into the large intestine and fixes itself in the huang, and the source of the huang lies below the navel — hence the pain rings the navel.
不可動之，動之爲水溺濇之病。 不可动之，动之为水溺涩之病。
Bù kě dòng zhī, dòng zhī wéi shuǐ niào sè zhī bìng.
不可妄动它；妄动它就会变成小便涩滞不通的病。
It must not be moved; move it and it becomes an illness of rough, blocked urine.
帝曰：夫子數言熱中、消中，不可服高梁、芳草、石藥，石藥發瘨，芳草發狂。 帝曰：夫子数言热中、消中，不可服高梁、芳草、石药，石药发癫，芳草发狂。
Dì yuē: fū zǐ shuò yán rè zhōng, xiāo zhōng, bù kě fú gāo liáng, fāng cǎo, shí yào, shí yào fā diān, fāng cǎo fā kuáng.
黄帝说：先生屡次说到，患热中、消中的人不可服食高粱厚味、芳草、石药；石药使人发癫，芳草使人发狂。
The Emperor says: you have said several times, my master, that in heat-within and wasting-within one must not take rich grain, aromatic herbs or mineral drugs; mineral drugs bring on derangement, aromatic herbs bring on madness.
夫熱中、消中者。皆富貴人也。今禁高梁，是不合其心；禁芳草、石藥，是病不愈，願聞其説。 夫热中、消中者。皆富贵人也。今禁高梁，是不合其心；禁芳草、石药，是病不愈，愿闻其说。
Fú rè zhōng, xiāo zhōng zhě. Jiē fù guì rén yě. Jīn jìn gāo liáng, shì bù hé qí xīn; jìn fāng cǎo, shí yào, shì bìng bù yù, yuàn wén qí shuō.
患热中、消中这种病的，都是富贵的人。如今禁食高粱厚味，这不合他们的心意；禁用芳草、石药，病又不能痊愈。希望听您讲讲其中的道理。
Now those who have heat-within and wasting-within are all men of wealth and station. To forbid rich grain is not to suit their hearts; to forbid aromatic herbs and mineral drugs is to leave the illness unmended. I wish to hear your account of it.
歧伯曰：夫芳草之氣美，石藥之氣悍，二者其氣急疾堅勁，故非緩心和人，不可以服此二者。 歧伯曰：夫芳草之气美，石药之气悍，二者其气急疾坚劲，故非缓心和人，不可以服此二者。
Qí bó yuē: fú fāng cǎo zhī qì měi, shí yào zhī qì hàn, èr zhě qí qì jí jí jiān jìng, gù fēi huǎn xīn hé rén, bù kě yǐ fú cǐ èr zhě.
歧伯说：芳草之气香美，石药之气慓悍，这两者的气都急疾而坚劲，所以不是心气和缓的人，不可以服这两类药。
Qi Bo says: the qi of aromatic herbs is fine, the qi of mineral drugs is fierce; the qi of both is hurried, swift, hard and unyielding. Therefore unless the heart is slow and the person harmonious, these two cannot be taken.
帝曰：不可以服此二者，何以然？ 帝曰：不可以服此二者，何以然？
Dì yuē: bù kě yǐ fú cǐ èr zhě, hé yǐ rán?
黄帝说：不可以服这两类药，这又是为什么？
The Emperor says: they cannot take these two — why is that so?
歧伯曰：夫熱氣慓悍，藥氣亦然，二者相遇，恐内傷脾。 歧伯曰：夫热气慓悍，药气亦然，二者相遇，恐内伤脾。
Qí bó yuē: fú rè qì piāo hàn, yào qì yì rán, èr zhě xiāng yù, kǒng nèi shāng pí.
歧伯说：热气慓悍，药气也是这样；两气相遇，恐怕会内伤于脾。
Qi Bo says: hot qi is swift and fierce, and the qi of the drug is no less so; when the two meet, I fear they will damage the spleen within.
脾者，土也，而惡木，服此藥者，至甲乙日更論。 脾者，土也，而恶木，服此药者，至甲乙日更论。
Pí zhě, tǔ yě, ér wù mù, fú cǐ yào zhě, zhì jiǎ yǐ rì gēng lùn.
脾属土，而恶木来克它；服这类药的人，要等到甲乙日再作议论。
The spleen is earth, and it is averse to wood. Those who take these drugs — take the matter up again on the jia and yi days.
帝曰：善。 帝曰：善。
Dì yuē: shàn.
黄帝说：讲得好。
The Emperor says: good.
有病膺腫、頸痛、胸滿、腹脹，此爲何病？何以得之？ 有病膺肿、颈痛、胸满、腹胀，此为何病？何以得之？
Yǒu bìng yīng zhǒng, jǐng tòng, xiōng mǎn, fù zhàng, cǐ wéi hé bìng? hé yǐ dé zhī?
有人膺部肿、颈项痛、胸中满、腹胀，这是什么病？是怎样得的？
There is an illness of swelling at the breast, pain in the neck, fullness in the chest and distension of the abdomen. What illness is this? How is it got?
歧伯曰：名厥逆。 歧伯曰：名厥逆。
Qí bó yuē: míng jué nì.
歧伯说：这名叫厥逆。
Qi Bo says: it is named counterflow.
帝曰：治之奈何？ 帝曰：治之奈何？
Dì yuē: zhì zhī nài hé?
黄帝说：怎样治疗呢？
The Emperor says: how is it treated?
歧伯曰：灸之則喑，石之則狂，須其氣并，乃可治也。 歧伯曰：灸之则喑，石之则狂，须其气并，乃可治也。
Qí bó yuē: jiǔ zhī zé yīn, shí zhī zé kuáng, xū qí qì bìng, nǎi kě zhì yě.
歧伯说：用灸法就会失音，用砭石就会发狂；必须等它阴阳之气合并，才可以治疗。
Qi Bo says: cauterise it and there is loss of voice; stone it and there is madness. Wait until its qi has combined, and only then may it be treated.
帝曰：何以然？ 帝曰：何以然？
Dì yuē: hé yǐ rán?
黄帝说：为什么会这样呢？
The Emperor says: why is it so?
歧伯曰：陽氣重上，有餘於上，灸之則陽氣入，陰入則喑；石之則陽氣虚，虚則狂。 歧伯曰：阳气重上，有余于上，灸之则阳气入，阴入则喑；石之则阳气虚，虚则狂。
Qí bó yuē: yáng qì chóng shàng, yǒu yú yú shàng, jiǔ zhī zé yáng qì rù, yīn rù zé yīn; shí zhī zé yáng qì xū, xū zé kuáng.
歧伯说：阳气重复上行，在上就有余；用灸法，阳气更向内入，阴随气入就失音；用砭石，阳气就更虚，虚极就发狂。
Qi Bo says: the yang qi is doubled above and superabundant above. Cauterise it and the yang qi enters; the yin enters with it and the voice is lost. Stone it and the yang qi is emptied; emptied, there is madness.
須其氣并而治之，可使全也。 须其气并而治之，可使全也。
Xū qí qì bìng ér zhì zhī, kě shǐ quán yě.
必须等它的气合并之后再治，才能使病人保全。
Wait for its qi to combine and then treat it, and the person can be made whole.
帝曰：善。何以知懷子之且生也？ 帝曰：善。何以知怀子之且生也？
Dì yuē: shàn. Hé yǐ zhī huái zǐ zhī qiě shēng yě?
黄帝说：讲得好。怎样知道妇女怀了孩子将要生产呢？
The Emperor says: good. How does one know that a woman carrying a child is about to give birth?
歧伯曰：身有病而無邪脉也。 歧伯曰：身有病而无邪脉也。
Qí bó yuē: shēn yǒu bìng ér wú xié mài yě.
歧伯说：身上有病的证候，脉象上却没有邪脉。
Qi Bo says: the body has the illness, and yet there is no deviant pulse.
帝曰：病熱而有所痛者何也？ 帝曰：病热而有所痛者何也？
Dì yuē: bìng rè ér yǒu suǒ tòng zhě hé yě?
黄帝说：患热病而又有一处疼痛的，是什么原因呢？
The Emperor says: one who is ill with heat and has pain somewhere — what is that?
歧伯曰：病熱者，陽脉也，以三陽之動也。 歧伯曰：病热者，阳脉也，以三阳之动也。
Qí bó yuē: bìng rè zhě, yáng mài yě, yǐ sān yáng zhī dòng yě.
歧伯说：患热病的，见阳脉；这是因为三阳之气发动的缘故。
Qi Bo says: in one who is ill with heat it is the yang vessel; this is because of the stirring of the three yang.
人迎一盛少陽，二盛太陽，三盛陽明，入陰也。 人迎一盛少阳，二盛太阳，三盛阳明，入阴也。
Rén yíng yī shèng shǎo yáng, èr shèng tài yáng, sān shèng yáng míng, rù yīn yě.
人迎脉盛一倍，病在少阳；盛二倍，病在太阳；盛三倍，病在阳明；再盛就入于阴分了。
At the man’s greeting, a onefold surfeit is the lesser yang, twofold the greater yang, threefold the yang brightness — and then it enters the yin.
夫陽入於陰，故病在頭與腹，乃䐜脹而頭痛也。 夫阳入于阴，故病在头与腹，乃䐜胀而头痛也。
Fú yáng rù yú yīn, gù bìng zài tóu yǔ fù, nǎi chēn zhàng ér tóu tòng yě.
阳邪入于阴分，所以病在头部和腹部，于是腹部胀起而头痛。
When yang enters yin, the illness is in the head and the abdomen, and there is swelling and distension with headache.
帝曰：善。 帝曰：善。
Dì yuē: shàn.
黄帝说：讲得好。
The Emperor says: good.

Textual notes

Readings follow the base edition; significant variants are recorded here.

  1. 可治不可治不

    「不」讀 fǒu，問辭，即「可治否」；本篇「不」十一見，餘皆讀 bù。

  2. 此得之年少時此得之年少时

    「少」本篇三讀：年少、少腹讀 shào，下文「月事衰少」讀 shǎo。

  3. 夫子數言熱中、消中夫子数言热中、消中

    「夫」讀 fū（夫子）；本篇發語詞之「夫」讀 fú，同篇異讀。「數」讀 shuò，屢也，不讀 shù。

  4. 病至則先聞腥臊臭病至则先闻腥臊臭

    「臭」讀 xiù，氣味之總名，腥臊之氣也；不讀 chòu。

  5. 有病胸脅支滿者有病胸胁支满者

    「支」撐拄也，不作「肢」；下文「四支清」之「支」則寫「肢」，同形而二義，讀皆 zhī。

  6. 不可服高梁、芳草、石藥不可服高粱、芳草、石药

    底本作「高梁」，通行本作「膏粱」，指肥甘厚味，此從底本。

  7. 石藥發瘨石药发癫

    底本作「瘨」，讀 diān，「癲」之古字，此從底本。

  8. 居齊上爲逆，居齊下爲從居脐上为逆，居脐下为从

    「齊」讀 qí，寫「臍」，本篇五見（居齊上、居齊下、環齊）。

  9. 動之爲水溺濇之病动之为水溺涩之病

    「溺」讀 niào，通「尿」；「濇」讀 sè，寫「澀」。上文「生鬲」之「鬲」讀 gé 而寫「膈」，本篇借字三例。

  10. 人有身體髀股䯒皆腫人有身体髀股䯒皆肿

    「䯒」讀 héng，小腿也；本站第三十一篇作「胻」。「髀」讀 bì，不讀 bēi。

  11. 灸之則喑，石之則狂灸之则喑，石之则狂

    「喑」讀 yīn，失音也，不作「瘖」，亦不作「暗」；「石」此指砭石，與上文「石藥」之石同字而異物。

  12. 乃䐜脹而頭痛也乃䐜胀而头痛也

    「䐜」讀 chēn，脹起也；字在《說文》所無之列，本篇惟此一見。

  13. 病熱者，陽脉也，以三陽之動也病热者，阳脉也，以三阳之动也

    底本作「陽脉。也以三陽之動也」，句號誤斷「陽脉也」為二；今移句號於「也」下，字數不增減。

  14. 帝曰：治之奈何帝曰：治之奈何

    「柰」本篇二見，惟此一處作「奈」，底本二字並存，與第三十九篇同例。

Cite this page

APA

Huangdi Neijing · Suwen 黃帝內經素問 (c. 3rd c. BCE – 1st c. CE; recension c. 762 CE). Fù zhōng lùn 腹中論 [A Discourse on the Abdomen], Chapter 40. In Classica Sinica Medica. Base text: 《重廣補註黃帝內經素問》二十四卷，唐·王冰注，宋·林億、孫奇、高保衡等校正，宋·孫兆重改誤。據上海涵芬樓《四部叢刊初編》影印明嘉靖二十九年（1550）顧從德覆宋刊本錄入，卷一牌記題「上海涵芬樓景印明顧氏翻宋本」。底本與影印本均屬公有領域。 Retrieved 13 October 2026, from https://classicstcm.com/classics/huangdi-neijing-suwen/discussion-of-the-abdomen/

MLA

"Fù zhōng lùn 腹中論 [A Discourse on the Abdomen]." Huangdi Neijing · Suwen 黃帝內經素問, chapter 40, Classica Sinica Medica, 2026, https://classicstcm.com/classics/huangdi-neijing-suwen/discussion-of-the-abdomen/. Accessed 13 Oct. 2026. Base text: 《重廣補註黃帝內經素問》二十四卷，唐·王冰注，宋·林億、孫奇、高保衡等校正，宋·孫兆重改誤。據上海涵芬樓《四部叢刊初編》影印明嘉靖二十九年（1550）顧從德覆宋刊本錄入，卷一牌記題「上海涵芬樓景印明顧氏翻宋本」。底本與影印本均屬公有領域。

Chinese scholarly

《黃帝內經素問·腹中論》（Huángdì Nèijīng Sùwèn）。《重廣補註黃帝內經素問》二十四卷，唐·王冰注，宋·林億、孫奇、高保衡等校正，宋·孫兆重改誤。據上海涵芬樓《四部叢刊初編》影印明嘉靖二十九年（1550）顧從德覆宋刊本錄入，卷一牌記題「上海涵芬樓景印明顧氏翻宋本」。底本與影印本均屬公有領域。Classica Sinica Medica，2026 年 10 月 13 日 存取，https://classicstcm.com/classics/huangdi-neijing-suwen/discussion-of-the-abdomen/。

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