腰痛

yāo tòng

Low back pain · yao tong

Also rendered: Low back pain (this site; the ordinary clinical term) · Lumbago (the Latin-derived term; the texts simply say the back hurts)

Reviewed · 2026-09

At a glance

Pinyin
yāo tòng
Simplified
腰痛
Literal
腰痛 yāo tòng — pain in the lower back, and the one complaint chapter 41 is written about. The chapter is a list: for each vessel, the pain has a different character and a different treatment. It drags the nape and spine like a weight in greater yang, pricks like a needle in lesser yang, goes with grief in yang brightness, runs the inner edge of the spine in lesser yin, and draws the back taut as a crossbow string in ceasing yin. The named vessels add their own: a mallet inside, a beam across, a belt pulling, a breaking in two. What the chapter does with the symptom is diagnostic rather than descriptive — the character of the pain is what tells you which vessel to needle.
Shuowen
《說文解字》:腰,本作要——**身中也,象人要之形**;**「痛」(「痛」讀 tòng),病也,从疒甬聲**。「腰」讀 yāo、**本篇24見**;「痛」讀 tòng**本篇27見**;**「腰痛」19見**,**「令人腰痛」15見**——**本篇以一症立論,與第三十八篇《欬論》之以「欬」立論者同例**。「引」讀 yǐn**「痛引」之引7見**,**引項脊、引肩、引膺、引少腹,是本篇辨證之綱**;「令」讀 lìng**「令人」讀 lìng**。

In brief

Pain in the lower back — the single complaint chapter 41 treats, and the symptom by which it sorts vessels. The character of the pain, and where it runs, is what tells the doctor which vessel to needle.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
What the graphs say 腰痛
要者身中;痛者病也。腰中之痛
令人腰痛 — Suwen 41
2
How the chapter treats it 一症而分諸脉
不以一方治腰痛,而以脉別之
足太陽脉,令人腰痛 — Suwen 41
3
By what it feels like 如重狀、如鍼刺、如張弓弩弦
每一脉各有其狀,是辨證之據
腰中如張弓弩弦 — Suwen 41
4
By where it runs 引項脊凥背、引肩、引膺、引少腹
所引之處定其所屬之脉
痛引膺 — Suwen 41
5
By what it forbids 不可以俛仰、不可以顧、不可以欬
所禁之動作,亦辨證之一端
不可以欬 — Suwen 41
6
How it ends 左取右,右取左
末以繆刺收束,是本篇治法之歸宿
左取右,右取左 — Suwen 41

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
7 passages
Suwen 41 Suwen 41 · 刺腰痛 Read in context →
足太陽脉,令人腰痛,引項脊凥背如重狀,刺其郄中,太陽正經出血,春無見血。 足太阳脉,令人腰痛,引项脊凥背如重状,刺其郄中,太阳正经出血,春无见血。
Zú tài yáng mài, lìng rén yāo tòng, yǐn xiàng jǐ jū bèi rú zhòng zhuàng, cì qí xì zhōng, tài yáng zhèng jīng chū xuè, chūn wú xiàn xuè.
When the foot greater yang vessel is affected, it gives a person pain in the lower back that draws up into the nape, the spine and the seat, as though one were carrying a weight. Needle the cleft centre and let blood from the greater yang main conduit. In spring, do not bring blood to view.
**「足太陽脉,令人腰痛,引項脊凥背如重狀」是開篇第一條**,**「令人腰痛」五字為每條之起句**——**本篇二十四條,「腰痛」19見**。「脊」讀 jǐ**本篇4見**;「凥」讀 jū**本篇2見**,**尸下从几,居之本字,不作「尻」(「尻」讀 kāo)**;「重」讀 zhòng**「如重狀」讀 zhòng**;「項」讀 xiàng**「引項脊」之項讀 xiàng**。**「太陽正經出血,春無見血」——「見」讀 xiàn**。
素問·厥論 Suwen 45 · 厥論 Read in context →
厥陰厥逆,攣腰痛,虚滿前閉,譫言,治主病者。 厥阴厥逆,挛腰痛,虚满前闭,谵言,治主病者。
Jué yīn jué nì, luán yāo tòng, xū mǎn qián bì, zhān yán, zhì zhǔ bìng zhě.
In counterflow inversion of ceasing yin there is cramping pain in the lower back, empty fullness and closure in front, and delirious speech; treat what governs the disease.
「厥陰厥逆,攣腰痛」——**本篇「腰」三見**;**厥陰之脉抵少腹、貫膈布脅肋,故其逆則腰痛而攣**;**「虚滿」之滿,無形之脹也**。
素問·病能論 Suwen 46 · 病能論 Read in context →
帝曰:何以言之?歧伯曰:少陰脉貫腎絡肺,今得肺脉。腎爲之病,故腎爲腰痛之病也。 帝曰:何以言之?歧伯曰:少阴脉贯肾络肺,今得肺脉。肾为之病,故肾为腰痛之病也。
Dì yuē: hé yǐ yán zhī? Qí bó yuē: shào yīn mài guàn shèn luò fèi, jīn dé fèi mài. Shèn wéi zhī bìng, gù shèn wéi yāo tòng zhī bìng yě.
The Emperor asks: how do you say that? Qi Bo says: the lesser yin conduit penetrates the kidney and networks the lung, and now one finds a lung conduit. The kidney is made ill by it, and so the kidney is the disease of pain in the low back.
「故腎爲「腰」讀 yāo「痛」讀 tòng之病也」——**本篇「腰痛」2見**;「腎」讀 shèn、**腎讀 shèn**;「爲」讀 wéi、**「腎爲之病」「腎爲腰痛之病」二爲皆讀 wéi**;**上文「在左當主病在腎,頗關在肺,當腰痛也」,為此句之發端**。
素問·脉解 Suwen 49 · 脉解 Read in context →
少陰所謂腰痛者,少陰者腎也,十月萬物陽氣皆傷,故腰痛也。 少阴所谓腰痛者,少阴者肾也,十月万物阳气皆伤,故腰痛也。
Shào yīn suǒ wèi yāo tòng zhě, shào yīn zhě shèn yě, shí yuè wàn wù yáng qì jiē shāng, gù yāo tòng yě.
When the lesser yin is said to give low back pain: lesser yin is the kidney, and in the tenth month the yang qi of the myriad things is all damaged; hence the pain in the low back.
「故「腰」讀 yāo痛也」——**本篇「腰痛」2見**;「腰」讀 yāo、**本篇5見**;「傷」讀 shāng、**本篇2見**;**少陰十月之腰痛,與下文厥陰三月「腰脊痛不可以俛仰」同源而異經**。
素問·刺要論 Suwen 50 · 刺要論 Read in context →
刺筋無傷骨,骨傷則内動腎,腎動則冬病脹腰痛。 刺筋无伤骨,骨伤则内动肾,肾动则冬病胀腰痛。
Cì jīn wú shāng gǔ, gǔ shāng zé nèi dòng shèn, shèn dòng zé dōng bìng zhàng yāo tòng.
When needling the sinew do not wound the bone. If the bone is wounded the kidney is stirred within, and once the kidney is stirred there is distension and low back pain in winter.
「腎動則冬病脹「腰」讀 yāo「痛」讀 tòng」——**本篇「腰痛」1見**;「腰」讀 yāo、**本篇1見**;「腎」讀 shèn、**本篇2見**;「冬」讀 dōng、「脹」讀 zhàng、**各本篇1見、2見**;**骨傷則内動腎,腎動則冬病脹腰痛——本篇五傷中配冬者**。
素問·骨空論 Suwen 60 · 骨空論 Read in context →
腰痛不可以轉摇,急引陰𡖉,刺八髎與痛上,八髎在腰凥分閒。 腰痛不可以转摇,急引阴卵,刺八髎与痛上,八髎在腰凥分间。
Yāo tòng bù kě yǐ zhuǎn yáo, jí yǐn yīn luǎn, cì bā liáo yǔ tòng shàng, bā liáo zài yāo jū fēn jiān.
When the lower back aches so that one cannot turn or sway, and the pulling runs urgently into the scrotum, needle the eight liao and the place that hurts. The eight liao are in the space where the lower back divides from the seat bone.
「「腰」讀 yāo「痛」讀 tòng不可以轉摇,急引陰𡖉」——**本目第四十一篇以腰痛為綱而分經論治;本篇則以腰痛引陰卵者刺八髎與痛上**;**「痛」本篇12見**;「𡖉」讀 luǎn,**「陰𡖉」之𡖉為「卵」之古文異體,讀 luǎn**
素問·繆刺論 Suwen 63 · 繆刺論 Read in context →
邪客於足太陰之絡,令人腰痛,引少腹控䏚,不可以仰息,剌腰凥之解,兩胂之上,是腰俞。 邪客于足太阴之络,令人腰痛,引少腹控䏚,不可以仰息,刺腰凥之解,两胂之上,是腰俞。
Xié kè yú zú tài yīn zhī luò, lìng rén yāo tòng, yǐn shào fù kòng miǎo, bù kě yǐ yǎng xī, cì yāo jū zhī jiě, liǎng shēn zhī shàng, shì yāo shù.
When evil lodges in the network of the foot greater yin it causes pain of the lower back that pulls the lower abdomen and grips the soft place below the short ribs, so that one cannot lie back and breathe. Puncture the cleft of the lower back and the buttock, above the two flank muscles; this is the lumbar transport point.
「令人腰痛,引少腹控䏚,不可以仰息」——**「腰痛」本篇1見,在足太陰之絡一證中**:**腰痛而引少腹、控䏚,不可以仰息——痛自腰而下引,非腰之本病**;**第四十一篇專論腰痛而分經取之,本篇之腰痛則屬絡病,故以繆刺取之**;**「腰」讀 yāo、「痛」讀 tòng**

Compounds built on this term

令人腰痛
lìng rén yāo tòng
gives a person pain in the lower back
本篇每條之起句
腰痛俠脊而痛至頭
yāo tòng xié jǐ ér tòng zhì tóu
pain alongside the spine running to the head
太陽之證
不可以俛仰
bù kě yǐ fǔ yǎng
cannot bend or lean back
見本站第一〇〇七條
左取右,右取左
zuǒ qǔ yòu, yòu qǔ zuǒ
take the right for the left
篇末之繆刺

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

This sitelow back painthe binome is translated; yao tong is given once, at the headword
Unschuldpain in the lower backrenders 腰痛 literally throughout
Wisemanlow back painthe same; Wiseman keeps 腰痛 as one term

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-09

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Reading path

Guided routes through the corpus, each built on a handful of chapters and their key terms.

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