帝曰:其有不從毫毛而生,五藏陽以竭也。津液充郭,其魄獨居,孤精於内,氣耗於外,形不可與衣相保,此四極急而動中。是氣拒於内,而形施於外。治之柰何?
帝曰:其有不从毫毛而生,五藏阳以竭也。津液充郭,其魄独居,孤精于内,气耗于外,形不可与衣相保,此四极急而动中。是气拒于内,而形施于外。治之奈何?
dì yuē: qí yǒu bù cóng háo máo ér shēng, wǔ zàng yáng yǐ jié yě. jīn yè chōng guō, qí pò dú jū, gū jīng yú nèi, qì hào yú wài, xíng bù kě yǔ yī xiāng bǎo, cǐ sì jí jí ér dòng zhōng. shì qì jù yú nèi, ér xíng shī yú wài. zhì zhī nài hé?
The Emperor asks: there is also illness that does not arise from the body hair — the yang of the five storing organs has been exhausted. Fluids fill the frame, the corporeal soul dwells alone, the essence is orphaned within and the qi spent without, the body can no longer keep company with its clothes, and the four extremities are tight and stir the centre. The qi is refused within and the body altered without. How is this treated?
本篇「津液充郭」為水氣充斥之候。郭,通「廓」,謂形體胸腹之廓;一說指肌膚浮腫。王冰以五藏陽竭、陰魄獨居釋之。與第八篇「膀胱者,州都之官,津液藏焉」之「津液」同詞而所指不同:第八篇言其常,本篇言其變。
開腠理,致津液,通氣也。
开腠理,致津液,通气也。
Kāi còu lǐ, zhì jīn yè, tōng qì yě.
This opens the interstices of the skin, brings the fluids to where they belong, and makes the qi pass through.
「開腠理,致津液,通氣也」:本篇津液之義,在辛味之用:辛者開腠理而後津液得布,津液得布而後氣得通行——此所以腎苦燥而宜辛。與第八篇「決瀆之官,水道出焉」、第十四篇去宛陳莝之術、第十七篇水泉不止者、第二十一篇「通調水道,下輸膀胱」者同條而義別:彼論水道之通與膀胱之藏,本篇則以津液為布散之物,而以開為致之之法。
五藏化液:心爲汗,肺爲涕,肝爲淚,脾爲涎,腎爲唾,是謂五液。
五藏化液:心为汗,肺为涕,肝为泪,脾为涎,肾为唾,是谓五液。
Wǔ zàng huà yè: xīn wéi hàn, fèi wéi tì, gān wéi lèi, pí wéi xián, shèn wéi tuò, shì wèi wǔ yè.
The fluids the five viscera transform: the heart makes sweat, the lung snivel, the liver tears, the spleen spittle, the kidney sputum. This is called the five fluids.
「五藏化液:心爲汗,肺爲涕,肝爲淚,脾爲涎,腎爲唾,是謂五液」:本篇津液之義,最為具體:五臟各化一液,合為五液,而其所化者皆人身可見之液。與第八篇「決瀆之官,水道出焉」、第十四篇去宛陳莝與開鬼門潔淨府之術、第十七篇水泉不止者、第二十一篇「通調水道,下輸膀胱」者同條而義別:彼論水道之通與膀胱之藏、津液之布散,本篇則以五液分隸五臟,而言其所從出——一是流布之途,一是所化之臟。
歧伯對曰:夫鹽之味鹹者,其氣令器津泄;絃絶者,其音嘶敗;木敷者,其葉發;病深者,其聲噦。
歧伯对曰:夫盐之味咸者,其气令器津泄;弦绝者,其音嘶败;木敷者,其叶发;病深者,其声哕。
Qí bó duì yuē: fú yán zhī wèi xián zhě, qí qì lìng qì jīn xiè; xián jué zhě, qí yīn sī bài; mù fū zhě, qí yè fā; bìng shēn zhě, qí shēng yuě.
Qibo replies: The flavour of salt is salty, and its qi makes the vessel leak its fluid; when a string is about to snap, its note is hoarse and broken; when a tree is spent, its leaves go; when a disease is deep, the voice is retching.
「夫鹽之味鹹者,其氣令器津泄」:本篇之津,見於三喻之首——鹽之氣能使器皿滲出其津液,喻病之形於外。與第十四篇已載「津液」之為氣化所生者、第二十二篇「開腠理,致津液,通氣也」者同條而義別:彼論津液之生成與其布散,本篇則以「津泄」為敗象——器之津泄,猶人之壊府。「泄」讀 xiè;「鹽」讀 yán;「鹹」讀 xián。
今脾病不能爲胃行其津液,四支不得稟水榖氣,氣日以衰,脉道不利,筋骨肌肉,皆無氣以生,故不用焉。
今脾病不能为胃行其津液,四支不得禀水谷气,气日以衰,脉道不利,筋骨肌肉,皆无气以生,故不用焉。
Jīn pí bìng bù néng wèi wèi xíng qí jīn yè, sì zhī bù dé bǐng shuǐ gǔ qì, qì rì yǐ shuāi, mài dào bù lì, jīn gǔ jī ròu, jiē wú qì yǐ shēng, gù bù yòng yān.
Now, when the spleen is diseased and cannot move the fluids on behalf of the stomach, the four limbs do not receive the qi of water and grain. The qi weakens day by day, the ways of the vessels do not flow freely, and the sinews, bones, muscles and flesh all have no qi with which to live — hence they cannot be used.
本條「津液」於本站已立,本篇「津液」四見,而以「今脾病不能爲胃行其津液」一句為最要——後世「脾為胃行其津液」之說,實本於此。**「爲」此處讀 wèi,替也、代之也**,與篇首「爲表裏」之讀 wéi 者**同形異讀,本篇二讀並見**;「今」讀 jīn,假設之辭,猶言「若」;「脾」讀 pí;「病」讀 bìng;「不」讀 bù;「能」讀 néng,本篇二見;「胃」讀 wèi;「行」讀 xíng,本篇六見;「其」讀 qí;「津」讀 jīn;「液」讀 yè;「四」讀 sì;「支」讀 zhī;「得」讀 dé;「稟」讀 bǐng;「水」讀 shuǐ;**「榖」讀 gǔ,本篇二見,即「穀」之異體**,簡化作「谷」;「氣」讀 qì;「日」讀 rì;「以」讀 yǐ;「衰」讀 shuāi;「脉」讀 mài;「道」讀 dào;「利」讀 lì;「筋」讀 jīn;「骨」讀 gǔ;「肌」讀 jī;「肉」讀 ròu;「皆」讀 jiē;**「無」讀 wú,底本作「無」,不作「无」**;「生」讀 shēng;「故」讀 gù;「用」讀 yòng;「焉」讀 yān。津液之行為脾之用,脾病則四支失養,是本篇由「津液」二字推出「脾病而四支不用」之實際。
夫水者,循津液而流也,腎者水藏,主津液,主卧與喘也。
夫水者,循津液而流也,肾者水藏,主津液,主卧与喘也。
Fú shuǐ zhě, xún jīn yè ér liú yě, shèn zhě shuǐ zàng, zhǔ jīn yè, zhǔ wò yǔ chuǎn yě.
Water flows along with the fluids; the kidney is the water store, it governs the fluids, and it governs lying down and panting.
「津液」之目於本站已立(id 511),現收五條:第十四篇「津液充郭,其魄獨居」言其為病,第二十二篇「開腠理,致津液,通氣也」言其治,第二十三篇「五藏化液」言其所主,第二十五篇「其氣令器津泄」言其泄,第二十九篇「今脾病不能爲胃行其津液」言其行。**本篇二見,而言津液與水、與腎之關係**——「夫」讀 fú;「水」讀 shuǐ,本篇 9 見;「者」讀 zhě;**「循」讀 xún,本篇惟此一見**——从彳从盾,順也、沿也;**「津」讀 jīn,本篇二見**——液之清者;**「液」讀 yè,本篇二見**——津之濁者;**「津液」二字對舉**:清者為津,濁者為液,合言則泛指身中之水;「而」讀 ér;**「流」讀 liú,本篇惟此一見**;「也」讀 yě;「腎」讀 shèn,本篇 6 見;「藏」讀 zàng;**「主」讀 zhǔ,本篇二見**——掌也、司也;「卧」讀 wò;「與」讀 yǔ;「喘」讀 chuǎn,本篇 5 見。**本篇之津液,是「水氣之客」所循之路**:水循津液而流,腎主津液,故水氣之客於身者,其本在腎——**上文「不得卧,卧則喘者,是水氣之客也」,其理即在此二句**。**與第二十九篇對讀最見分際**:彼曰「脾病不能爲胃行其津液」,此曰「腎者水藏,主津液」——**彼以脾行之,此以腎主之;一行一主,各當其職**。**與第十四篇「津液充郭,其魄獨居」互注**:**彼言津液之充溢而為水腫(形不可與衣相保),此言水氣之循津液而為喘(不得卧而卧則喘)**——**一則津液自病,一則水氣循之而病,皆以津液之不得其常為病**。**「主卧與喘也」五字最見腎之為用**:本篇六類皆以卧與喘分之,而末歸其主於腎,**與篇首「素腎氣勝」遙相呼應——一篇首尾皆在腎**。
歧伯曰:酒入於胃,則絡脉滿而經脉虚,脾主爲胃行其津液者也。
歧伯曰:酒入于胃,则络脉满而经脉虚,脾主为胃行其津液者也。
Qí bó yuē: jiǔ rù yú wèi, zé luò mài mǎn ér jīng mài xū, pí zhǔ wéi wèi xíng qí jīn yè zhě yě.
Qi Bo says: when wine enters the stomach the network vessels fill and the conduit vessels empty — and the spleen is what moves the fluids on behalf of the stomach.
「脾主爲胃行其津液者也」——**本篇「津液」惟此一見**;「脾」讀 pí、**脾讀 pí**;**與 ch29「脾病而四支不用」章同一義理,皆言脾為胃行其津液**。
夫五味入口,藏於胃,脾爲之行其精氣,津液在脾,故令人口甘也。此肥美之所發也,此人必數食甘美而多肥也。
夫五味入口,藏于胃,脾为之行其精气,津液在脾,故令人口甘也。此肥美之所发也,此人必数食甘美而多肥也。
Fú wǔ wèi rù kǒu, cáng yú wèi, pí wéi zhī xíng qí jīng qì, jīn yè zài pí, gù lìng rén kǒu gān yě. Cǐ féi měi zhī suǒ fā yě, cǐ rén bì shuò shí gān měi ér duō féi yě.
Now the five flavours enter the mouth and are stored in the stomach, and the spleen moves their essential qi for it; the fluids lodge in the spleen, and so the mouth is made sweet. This is brought on by rich and fine food: such a person must often eat sweet and fine things, and much fat.
「脾爲之行其精氣,「津」讀 jīn「液」讀 yè在脾」——**本篇「津液」1見**;**津讀 jīn、液讀 yè**;**津液在脾,脾熱則精氣上溢而口甘,本篇釋脾癉之由止此一句,最是要緊**。
帝曰:人有精氣津液,四支、九竅,五藏十六部,三百六十五節,乃生百病,百病之生,皆有虚實。今夫子乃言有餘有五,不足亦有五,何以生之乎?
帝曰:人有精气津液,四支、九窍,五藏十六部,三百六十五节,乃生百病,百病之生,皆有虚实。今夫子乃言有余有五,不足亦有五,何以生之乎?
Dì yuē: rén yǒu jīng qì jīn yè, sì zhī, jiǔ qiào, wǔ zàng shí liù bù, sān bǎi liù shí wǔ jié, nǎi shēng bǎi bìng, bǎi bìng zhī shēng, jiē yǒu xū shí. Jīn fū zǐ nǎi yán yǒu yú yǒu wǔ, bù zú yì yǒu wǔ, hé yǐ shēng zhī hū?
The Emperor says: a man has essence, qi, fluid and humour; four limbs and nine orifices; five depots and sixteen parts; three hundred and sixty-five joints. From these the hundred diseases arise, and every one of them has its deficiency and its excess. Yet you, master, speak of five excesses and five insufficiencies – how do they come to be?
「人有精氣津液,四支、九竅,五藏十六部,三百六十五節,乃生百病」——**「津液」本篇1見,在開篇黄帝之問中**:**精氣津液與四支、九竅、五藏十六部、三百六十五節並舉,是人身之所有而百病之所由生**;**「津」讀 jīn、「液」讀 yè**