鈎 简体 钩

gōu

The hook quality · gou

Also rendered: the hook quality (Literal) · hooked (Adjectival, and the commonest form) · the crooked pulse (Older English) · bounding (Describes the rise only, and loses the fall)

Reviewed · 2026-09

At a glance

Pinyin
gōu
Simplified
钩
Literal
鈎 the hook, the bent thing (「鉤」之異體; 《說文》: 鉤,曲也 — bent). A pulse that comes on strongly and leaves weaker, like the curve of a hook: full at the rise, tapering at the fall.
Shuowen
《說文解字》:鉤,曲也(段注:凡曲折之物皆謂之鉤);「鈎」為「鉤」之異體,本篇 7 見。

In brief

The summer quality of the pulse. Chapter 18 gives it in the same frame as the others: 夏胃微鈎曰平, slightly hooked with stomach qi in it is balanced; hook much and stomach qi little is heart disease; hook alone without stomach qi is death; and hook appearing inside the winter pulse foretells illness when summer comes. The commentary tradition glosses the image as coming flooding and going declining — a rise that is full and a fall that is not, which is the shape of a hook.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
The summer quality, with stomach qi 夏胃微鈎曰平
微鈎而有胃氣者為平脈
夏胃微鈎曰平 — Suwen 18
2
Too much of it 鈎多胃少曰心病
鈎多而胃少者病在心
鈎多胃少曰心病 — Suwen 18
3
It alone, with no stomach qi 但鈎无胃曰死
但有鈎而無胃氣者死
但鈎无胃曰死 — Suwen 18
4
Found inside another season's pulse 石而有鈎,曰夏病
冬脈見鈎,至夏而病
石而有鈎,曰夏病,鈎甚曰今病 — Suwen 18
5
The image at its end 前曲後居,如操帶鈎
死心脈前曲後踞,如持帶鈎
死心脉來,前曲後居,如操帶鈎,曰心死 — Suwen 18

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
6 passages
素問·平人氣象論 Suwen 18 · 平人氣象論 Read in context →
夏胃微鈎曰平,鈎多胃少曰心病,但鈎无胃曰死,胃而有石曰冬病,石甚曰今病。藏真通於心,心藏血脉之氣也。 夏胃微钩曰平,钩多胃少曰心病,但钩无胃曰死,胃而有石曰冬病,石甚曰今病。脏真通于心,心藏血脉之气也。
xià wèi wēi gōu yuē píng, gōu duō wèi shǎo yuē xīn bìng, dàn gōu wú wèi yuē sǐ, wèi ér yǒu shí yuē dōng bìng, shí shèn yuē jīn bìng. zàng zhēn tōng yú xīn, xīn cáng xuè mài zhī qì yě.
In summer, a pulse with stomach qi and a slight hook quality is called balanced; if the hook is much and the stomach qi little, it is heart disease; if there is nothing but hook and no stomach qi, it is death; if there is stomach qi with stone in it, disease is foretold for winter; if the stone is pronounced, the disease is present now. The true qi of the depots communicates with the heart; the heart stores the qi of the blood and vessels.
本篇夏脈之例:夏胃微鈎曰平,鈎多胃少曰心病,但鈎无胃曰死;冬脈見鈎則曰夏病。末段死心脈「前曲後居,如操帶鈎」,即以鈎象之失柔和者為死候。
素問·玉機真藏論 Suwen 19 · 玉機真藏論 Read in context →
夏脉如鈎,何如而鈎?歧伯曰:夏脉者心也,南方火也,萬物之所以盛長也,故其氣來盛去衰,故曰鈎,反此者病。 夏脉如钩,何如而钩?歧伯曰:夏脉者心也,南方火也,万物之所以盛长也,故其气来盛去衰,故曰钩,反此者病。
Xià mài rú gōu, hé rú ér gōu? Qí bó yuē: xià mài zhě xīn yě, nán fāng huǒ yě, wàn wù zhī suǒ yǐ shèng zhǎng yě, gù qí qì lái shèng qù shuāi, gù yuē gōu, fǎn cǐ zhě bìng.
The summer pulse is like a hook — what makes it hooked? It belongs to the heart, the fire of the south, that by which the myriad things flourish and grow. The qi arrives abundant and departs declining — hence “hook.”
「夏脉者心也,南方火也,萬物之所以盛長也,故其氣來盛去衰,故曰鈎」:鈎音 gōu,同鉤。本篇鈎之義,為夏脈之形——來盛而去衰,如鉤之頭大而尾細。與第十八篇「夏胃微鈎曰平,鈎多胃少曰心病,但鈎无胃曰死」同條而義別:第十八篇以鈎之多少與胃氣之有無判平病死,本篇則狀其來去之勢(來盛去衰),而分太過不及——來盛去亦盛者太過,令人身熱膚痛而為浸淫;來不盛、去反盛者不及,令人煩心、欬唾、氣泄。
素問·宣明五氣 Suwen 23 · 宣明五氣 Read in context →
五脉應象:肝脉絃,心脉鈎,脾脉代,肺脉毛,腎脉石,是謂五藏之脉。 五脉应象:肝脉弦,心脉钩,脾脉代,肺脉毛,肾脉石,是谓五藏之脉。
Wǔ mài yìng xiàng: gān mài xián, xīn mài gōu, pí mài dài, fèi mài máo, shèn mài shí, shì wèi wǔ zàng zhī mài.
The images the five pulses answer to: the liver pulse is string-like, the heart pulse hooked, the spleen pulse intermittent, the lung pulse downy, the kidney pulse stony. These are the pulses of the five viscera.
「心脉鈎」:本篇之鈎,與第十八篇之鈎同為夏脈之象,而本篇配之於心;底本作「鈎」,鉤之異體。與第十八篇「鈎」條同條而義別:第十八篇論鈎之脈形與其應時,本篇則於弦、代、毛、石之間列之為第二目,而以「應象」二字總括——五脈者,皆五臟應四時之象。
素問·大奇論 Suwen 48 · 大奇論 Read in context →
脉至,而搏血衄,身熱者死。脉來懸鈎浮爲常脉。 脉至,而搏血衄,身热者死。脉来悬钩浮为常脉。
Mài zhì, ér bó xuè nǜ, shēn rè zhě sǐ. Mài lái xuán gōu fú wéi cháng mài.
A pulse that arrives beating up, with bleeding from the nose, means death if the body is feverish. A pulse that comes hanging, hooked and floating is the ordinary pulse.
「脉來懸「鈎」讀 gōu浮爲常脉」——「鈎」讀 gōu、**本篇惟此一見,讀 gōu**;**懸、鈎、浮三者並列,鈎卽鈎脉之鈎,與下文「脉至如弦縷」之「弦」專屬比喻者不同**;「衄」讀 nǜ、**本篇惟此一見,讀 nǜ**。
素問·三部九候論 Suwen 20 · 三部九候論 Read in context →
其脉代而鈎者,病在絡脉。 其脉代而钩者,病在络脉。
Qí mài dài ér gōu zhě, bìng zài luò mài.
Where the pulse is intermittent and hooked, the disease is in the network vessels.
「其脉代而鈎者」——鈎者曲也(《說文》鉤,曲也),夏脉之象;與代脉並見,則病在絡脉;**「鈎」本篇1見**
素問·陰陽别論 Suwen 7 · 陰陽别論 Read in context →
鼓一陽曰鈎,鼓一陰曰毛,鼓陽勝急曰絃,鼓陽至而絶曰石,陰陽相過曰溜。 鼓一阳曰钩,鼓一阴曰毛,鼓阳胜急曰弦,鼓阳至而绝曰石,阴阳相过曰溜。
gǔ yī yáng yuē gōu, gǔ yī yīn yuē máo, gǔ yáng shèng jí yuē xián, gǔ yáng zhì ér jué yuē shí, yīn yáng xiāng guò yuē liū.
A throbbing showing one yang is called the hook; a throbbing showing one yin is called the hair; a throbbing in which yang prevails and is urgent is called the string; a throbbing in which yang arrives and is then cut off is called the stone; yin and yang passing over one another is called the flow.
「鼓一陽曰鈎」——一陽之脉如鈎,即夏脉鉤,來盛去衰;「鼓」者,鼓脉而按其至與不至;**「鈎」本篇1見**

Compounds built on this term

鈎
gōu
hook
說文:鉤,曲也;鈎為鉤之異體
微鈎
wēi gōu
slightly hooked
夏之平脈
來盛去衰
lái shèng qù shuāi
coming full, going declining
舊注釋鈎之象
帶鈎
dài gōu
the belt hook
死心脈之喻
血脈
xuè mài
blood and vessels
心藏血脈之氣,鈎為心脈

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

Common EnglishhookedAlmost universal in pulse writing; some older translations give bounding or crooked.
This sitethe hook qualityAs with the other seasonal qualities, the chapter treats this as something a pulse can have more or less of — 鈎多胃少, hook much and stomach little — so it is kept as a noun. Hooked is serviceable but reads as a verdict on the beat; the hook quality leaves room for the chapter's arithmetic and for the image it closes with, the belt hook held in the hand, which is a shape and not a judgement.

Entry status

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2026-09

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