1
黃帝問于少俞曰：余聞百疾之始期也，必生于風雨寒暑，循毫毛而入腠理，或復還，或留止，或爲風腫汗出，或爲消癉，或爲寒𤍠，或爲留癉，或爲積聚，奇邪淫溢，不可勝數。願聞其故。夫同時得病，或病此，或病彼，意者天之爲人生風乎？何其異也？
黄帝问于少俞曰：余闻百疾之始期也，必生于风雨寒暑，循毫毛而入腠理，或复还，或留止，或为风肿汗出，或为消瘅，或为寒𤍠，或为留瘅，或为积聚，奇邪淫溢，不可胜数。愿闻其故。夫同时得病，或病此，或病彼，意者天之为人生风乎？何其异也？ Huáng Dì wèn yú shào yú yuē: yú wén bǎi jí zhī shǐ qī yě, bì shēng yú fēng yǔ hán shǔ, xún háo máo ér rù còu lǐ, huò fù hái, huò liú zhǐ, huò wéi fēng zhǒng hàn chū, huò wéi xiāo dān, huò wéi hán rè, huò wéi liú dān, huò wéi jī jù, qí xié yín yì, bù kě shèng shǔ. yuàn wén qí gù. fū tóng shí dé bìng, huò bìng cǐ, huò bìng bǐ, yì zhě tiān zhī wèi rén shēng fēng hū? hé qí yì yě?
黄帝问少俞说：我听说各种疾病开始发生，必定生于风雨寒暑，沿着毫毛而进入腠理，有的回复，有的留止，有的成为风肿汗出，有的成为消瘅，有的成为寒热，有的成为留瘅，有的成为积聚，奇邪淫溢，不可胜数。愿意听听其中的缘故。同时得病，有的病这个，有的病那个，想来是上天为人产生风吗？为什么这样不同呢？
The Yellow Emperor asked Shao Yu: I have heard that all diseases, when they first arise, must come from wind and rain, cold and heat, following the fine hairs and entering the pores. Some return, some remain, some become wind swelling with sweating, some consumption and wasting, some cold and heat, some lingering wasting, some accumulations. Strange evil overflows and cannot be counted. I should like to hear why. When people are ill at the same time, one suffers this and another that — is it that heaven generates wind for each person? Why are they so different?
2
少俞曰：夫天之生風者，非以私百姓也。其行公平正直，犯者得之，避者得無殆，非求人而人自犯之。
少俞曰：夫天之生风者，非以私百姓也。其行公平正直，犯者得之，避者得无殆，非求人而人自犯之。 shào yú yuē: fū tiān zhī shēng fēng zhě, fēi yǐ sī bǎi xìng yě. qí xíng gōng píng zhèng zhí, fàn zhě dé zhī, bì zhě dé wú dài, fēi qiú rén ér rén zì fàn zhī.
少俞说：上天产生风，不是偏私百姓。它运行公平正直，触犯的人得到它，避开的人不会受害，不是它求人，而是人自己触犯它。
Shao Yu said: When heaven generates wind, it does not do so out of favour to the common people. Its course is fair and upright: those who offend against it get it, those who avoid it come to no harm. It does not seek out people; people offend against it themselves.
3
黃帝曰：一時遇風，同時得病，其病各異，願聞其故。
黄帝曰：一时遇风，同时得病，其病各异，愿闻其故。 Huáng Dì yuē: yī shí yù fēng, tóng shí dé bìng, qí bìng gè yì, yuàn wén qí gù.
黄帝说：一时遇风，同时得病，所得病各不相同，愿意听听缘故。
The Emperor said: When people meet the wind at one time and fall ill at one time, yet their illnesses differ, I should like to hear why.
4
少俞曰：善乎哉問！請論以比匠人。
少俞曰：善乎哉问！请论以比匠人。
shào yú yuē: shàn hū zāi wèn! qǐng lùn yǐ bǐ jiàng rén.
少俞说：问得好啊！请让我用匠人作比。
Shao Yu said: How good the question! Let me compare it to a carpenter.
5
匠人磨斧斤，礪刀，削斫材木。木之陰陽，尚有堅脆。堅者不入，脆者皮弛，至其交節，而缺斤斧焉。
匠人磨斧斤，砺刀，削斫材木。木之阴阳，尚有坚脆。坚者不入，脆者皮弛，至其交节，而缺斤斧焉。 jiàng rén mó fǔ jīn, lì dāo, xiāo zhuó cái mù. mù zhī yīn yáng, shàng yǒu jiān cuì. jiān zhě bù rù, cuì zhě pí chí, zhì qí jiāo jié, ér quē jīn fǔ yān.
匠人磨斧斤，砺刀，削斫材木。木的阴阳，尚有坚脆。坚的砍不进，脆的皮松弛，到了它的交节处，就会使斧斤缺损。
The carpenter grinds his axe and adze, whets his knife, and cuts timber. Even in wood there is yin and yang, and there is hard and brittle. The hard does not admit the blade; the brittle sheds its bark; and at the joint, the axe is chipped.
6
夫一木之中，堅脆不同，堅者則剛，脆者易傷。况其材本之不同，皮之厚薄，汁之多少，而各異耶？
夫一木之中，坚脆不同，坚者则刚，脆者易伤。况其材本之不同，皮之厚薄，汁之多少，而各异耶？
fū yī mù zhī zhōng, jiān cuì bù tóng, jiān zhě zé gāng, cuì zhě yì shāng. kuàng qí cái běn zhī bù tóng, pí zhī hòu bó, zhī zhī duō shǎo, ér gè yì yé?
一棵树之中，坚脆不同，坚的刚，脆的易伤。何况材干不同、皮有厚薄、汁有多少而各不相同呢？
Within a single tree the hard and the brittle differ: the hard is firm, the brittle is easily hurt. How much more so when the stock differs, the bark is thick or thin, and the sap is much or little?
7
夫木之蚤花先生葉者，遇春霜烈風，則花落而葉萎。久曝大旱，則脆木薄皮者，枝條汁少而葉萎。久陰淫雨，則薄皮多汁者，皮潰而漉。卒風暴起，則剛脆之木，枝折杌傷。秋霜疾風，則剛脆之木，根摇而葉落。凡此五者，各有所傷，况於人乎？
夫木之蚤花先生叶者，遇春霜烈风，则花落而叶萎。久曝大旱，则脆木薄皮者，枝条汁少而叶萎。久阴淫雨，则薄皮多汁者，皮溃而漉。卒风暴起，则刚脆之木，枝折杌伤。秋霜疾风，则刚脆之木，根摇而叶落。凡此五者，各有所伤，况于人乎？ fū mù zhī zǎo huā xiān shēng yè zhě, yù chūn shuāng liè fēng, zé huā luò ér yè wěi. jiǔ pù dà hàn, zé cuì mù bó pí zhě, zhī tiáo zhī shǎo ér yè wēi. jiǔ yīn yín yǔ, zé bó pí duō zhī zhě, pí kuì ér lù. cù fēng bào qǐ, zé gāng cuì zhī mù, zhī zhé wù shāng. qiū shuāng jí fēng, zé gāng cuì zhī mù, gēn yáo ér yè luò. fán cǐ wǔ zhě, gè yǒu suǒ shāng, kuàng yú rén hū?
树木中早开花先生叶的，遇到春霜烈风，就花落而叶萎。久曝大旱，脆木薄皮的，枝条汁少而叶萎。久阴淫雨，薄皮多汁的，皮溃而渗漉。卒风暴起，刚脆之木，枝折而伤。秋霜疾风，刚脆之木，根摇而叶落。这五种，各有所伤，何况人呢？
Of trees, those that flower early and leaf early meet spring frost and fierce wind, and the flowers fall and the leaves wither. In long drought, the brittle and thin-barked lose sap from their twigs and the leaves wither. In long overcast rain, the thin-barked and sappy have their bark split and soaked. When a sudden storm rises, the firm and the brittle alike break their branches and are injured. With autumn frost and swift wind, the firm and brittle have their roots shaken and their leaves fall. These five each have what injures them — how much more so with man?
8
黃帝曰：以人應木奈何？
黄帝曰：以人应木奈何？
Huáng Dì yuē: yǐ rén yìng mù nài hé?
黄帝说：以人应木是怎样？
The Emperor said: How does man answer to the wood?
9
少俞答曰：木之所傷也，皆傷其枝。枝之剛脆而堅，未成傷也。人之有常病也，亦因其骨節皮膚腠理之不堅固者，邪之所舍也，故常爲病也。
少俞答曰：木之所伤也，皆伤其枝。枝之刚脆而坚，未成伤也。人之有常病也，亦因其骨节皮肤腠理之不坚固者，邪之所舍也，故常为病也。 shào yú dá yuē: mù zhī suǒ shāng yě, jiē shāng qí zhī. zhī zhī gāng cuì ér jiān, wèi chéng shāng yě. rén zhī yǒu cháng bìng yě, yì yīn qí gǔ jié pí fū còu lǐ zhī bù jiān gù zhě, xié zhī suǒ shè yě, gù cháng wéi bìng yě.
少俞答说：木所受的伤，都在枝上。枝的刚脆而坚的，不会受伤。人的常病，也是因为骨节皮肤腠理不坚固的地方，是邪气所居留之处，所以常生病。
Shao Yu answered: What is injured in the wood is always the branch. The branch that is firm and hard is not injured. Man’s constant illnesses likewise come from the joints, skin and pores that are not firm, where evil lodges — and so he is constantly ill.
10
黃帝曰：人之善病風厥漉汗者，何以𠉀之？
黄帝曰：人之善病风厥漉汗者，何以𠉀之？ Huáng Dì yuē: rén zhī shàn bìng fēng jué lù hàn zhě, hé yǐ hòu zhī?
黄帝说：人容易患风厥漉汗的，怎样诊候？
The Emperor said: How does one diagnose the person prone to wind reversal with soaking sweat?
11
少俞答曰：肉不堅，腠理疏，則善病風。
少俞答曰：肉不坚，腠理疏，则善病风。 shào yú dá yuē: ròu bù jiān, còu lǐ shū, zé shàn bìng fēng.
少俞答说：肉不坚，腠理疏，就容易患风。
Shao Yu answered: If the flesh is not firm and the pores are loose, he is prone to wind.
12
黃帝曰：何以候肉之不堅也？
黄帝曰：何以候肉之不坚也？ Huáng Dì yuē: hé yǐ hòu ròu zhī bù jiān yě?
黄帝说：怎样诊候肉的不坚？
The Emperor said: How does one diagnose that the flesh is not firm?
13
少俞答曰：膕肉不堅而無分理。理者麤理，麤理，而皮不緻者，腠理疏。此言其渾然者。
少俞答曰：腘肉不坚而无分理。理者麤理，麤理，而皮不致者，腠理疏。此言其浑然者。 shào yú dá yuē: guó ròu bù jiān ér wú fēn lǐ. lǐ zhě cū lǐ, cū lǐ, ér pí bù zhì zhě, còu lǐ shū. cǐ yán qí hún rán zhě.
少俞答说：腘肉不坚而没有分理。所谓理是粗理，粗理而皮肤不致密的，腠理就疏。这是说其大体而言。
Shao Yu answered: The flesh of the popliteal region is not firm and has no grain. As for grain, it is coarse grain; where the grain is coarse and the skin is not dense, the pores are loose. This speaks of the general condition.
14
黃帝曰：人之善病消癉者，何以候之？
黄帝曰：人之善病消瘅者，何以候之？ Huáng Dì yuē: rén zhī shàn bìng xiāo dān zhě, hé yǐ hòu zhī?
黄帝说：人容易患消瘅的，怎样诊候？
The Emperor said: How does one diagnose the person prone to consumption and wasting?
15
少俞答曰：五藏皆柔弱者，善病消癉。
少俞答曰：五藏皆柔弱者，善病消瘅。 shào yú dá yuē: wǔ zàng jiē róu ruò zhě, shàn bìng xiāo dān.
少俞答说：五脏都柔弱的，容易患消瘅。
Shao Yu answered: One whose five viscera are all soft and weak is prone to consumption and wasting.
16
黃帝曰：何以知五藏之柔弱也？
黄帝曰：何以知五藏之柔弱也？ Huáng Dì yuē: hé yǐ zhī wǔ zàng zhī róu ruò yě?
黄帝说：怎样知道五脏的柔弱？
The Emperor said: How does one know that the five viscera are soft and weak?
17
少俞答曰：夫柔弱者，必有剛強，剛强多怒，柔者易傷也。
少俞答曰：夫柔弱者，必有刚强，刚强多怒，柔者易伤也。
shào yú dá yuē: fū róu ruò zhě, bì yǒu gāng qiáng, gāng qiáng duō nù, róu zhě yì shāng yě.
少俞答说：柔弱的人，必定有刚强之处，刚强就多怒，柔弱的容易受伤。
Shao Yu answered: The soft and weak must have something hard and strong, and hardness and strength give much anger; the soft is easily hurt.
18
黃帝曰：何以候柔弱之與剛强？
黄帝曰：何以候柔弱之与刚强？ Huáng Dì yuē: hé yǐ hòu róu ruò zhī yǔ gāng qiáng?
黄帝说：怎样诊候柔弱与刚强？
The Emperor said: How does one diagnose the soft and weak as against the hard and strong?
19
少俞答曰：此人薄皮膚而目堅固以深者，長衝直揚，其心剛，剛則多怒，怒則氣上逆，胸中畜積，血氣逆留，臗皮充肌，血脉不行，轉而爲𤍠，𤍠則消肌膚，故爲消癉。此言其人暴剛而肌肉弱者也。
少俞答曰：此人薄皮肤而目坚固以深者，长冲直扬，其心刚，刚则多怒，怒则气上逆，胸中畜积，血气逆留，𣎑皮充肌，血脉不行，转而为𤍠，𤍠则消肌肤，故为消瘅。此言其人暴刚而肌肉弱者也。 shào yú dá yuē: cǐ rén bó pí fū ér mù jiān gù yǐ shēn zhě, cháng chōng zhí yáng, qí xīn gāng, gāng zé duō nù, nù zé qì shàng nì, xiōng zhōng xù jī, xuè qì nì liú, kuān pí chōng jī, xuè mài bù xíng, zhuǎn ér wéi rè, rè zé xiāo jī fū, gù wéi xiāo dān. cǐ yán qí rén bào gāng ér jī ròu ruò zhě yě.
少俞答说：这种人皮肤薄而目光坚固深沉，长冲直扬，他的心刚，刚就多怒，怒就气上逆，胸中蓄积，血气逆留，宽皮充肌，血脉不行，转而成为热，热就消烁肌肤，所以成为消瘅。这是说其人暴刚而肌肉柔弱。
Shao Yu answered: Such a person has thin skin and eyes that are firm and deep-set, with a long upward thrust. His heart is hard, and hardness gives much anger; anger drives the qi upward, so that it accumulates in the chest and the blood and qi run counter and remain. The skin is stretched and the flesh filled; the blood vessels do not move; it turns to heat, and heat consumes the flesh and skin, and so there is consumption and wasting. This speaks of one who is violently hard in temperament and weak in flesh.
20
黃帝曰：人之善病寒𤍠者，何以候之？
黄帝曰：人之善病寒𤍠者，何以候之？ Huáng Dì yuē: rén zhī shàn bìng hán rè zhě, hé yǐ hòu zhī?
黄帝说：人容易患寒热的，怎样诊候？
The Emperor said: How does one diagnose the person prone to cold and heat?
21
少俞答曰：小骨弱肉者，善病寒𤍠。
少俞答曰：小骨弱肉者，善病寒𤍠。
shào yú dá yuē: xiǎo gǔ ruò ròu zhě, shàn bìng hán rè.
少俞答说：小骨弱肉的，容易患寒热。
Shao Yu answered: One with small bones and weak flesh is prone to cold and heat.
22
黃帝曰：何以候骨之小大，肉之堅脆，色之不一也？
黄帝曰：何以候骨之小大，肉之坚脆，色之不一也？ Huáng Dì yuē: hé yǐ hòu gǔ zhī xiǎo dà, ròu zhī jiān cuì, sè zhī bù yī yě?
黄帝说：怎样诊候骨的小大、肉的坚脆、色的不一？
The Emperor said: How does one diagnose the size of the bones, the hardness or brittleness of the flesh, and the unevenness of the colour?
23
少俞答曰：顴骨者，骨之本也。顴大則骨大，顴小則骨小，皮膚薄而其肉無䐃，其臂懦懦然，其地色殆然，不與其天同色，污然獨異，此其候也。然後臂薄者，其髓不滿，故善病寒𤍠也。
少俞答曰：颧骨者，骨之本也。颧大则骨大，颧小则骨小，皮肤薄而其肉无䐃，其臂懦懦然，其地色殆然，不与其天同色，污然独异，此其候也。然后臂薄者，其髓不满，故善病寒𤍠也。 shào yú dá yuē: quán gǔ zhě, gǔ zhī běn yě. quán dà zé gǔ dà, quán xiǎo zé gǔ xiǎo, pí fū bó ér qí ròu wú jùn, qí bì nuò nuò rán, qí dì sè dài rán, bù yǔ qí tiān tóng sè, wū rán dú yì, cǐ qí hòu yě. rán hòu bì bó zhě, qí suǐ bù mǎn, gù shàn bìng hán rè yě.
少俞答说：颧骨是骨的根本。颧大就骨大，颧小就骨小，皮肤薄而肉没有䐃，臂软弱无力，地色危殆，不与天色相同，污浊独异，这就是它的征候。然后臂薄的，髓不满，所以容易患寒热。
Shao Yu answered: The cheekbone is the root of the bones. If the cheekbone is large the bones are large; if small, the bones are small. If the skin is thin and the flesh has no fullness, the arms weak and yielding, the colour of the lower face endangered and not the same as that of the upper, stained and standing out alone — these are the signs. And where the arm is thin, the marrow is not full, and so he is prone to cold and heat.
24
黃帝曰：何以候人之善病痺者？
黄帝曰：何以候人之善病痹者？ Huáng Dì yuē: hé yǐ hòu rén zhī shàn bìng bì zhě?
黄帝说：怎样诊候人容易患痹的？
The Emperor said: How does one diagnose the person prone to blockages?
25
少俞答曰：麤理而肉不堅者，善病痺。
少俞答曰：麤理而肉不坚者，善病痹。 shào yú dá yuē: cū lǐ ér ròu bù jiān zhě, shàn bìng bì.
少俞答说：粗理而肉不坚的，容易患痹。
Shao Yu answered: One with coarse grain and unfirm flesh is prone to blockages.
26
黃帝曰：痺之高下有處乎？
黄帝曰：痹之高下有处乎？ Huáng Dì yuē: bì zhī gāo xià yǒu chù hū?
黄帝说：痹的高下有定处吗？
The Emperor said: Do blockages have a fixed place, high or low?
27
少俞答曰：欲知其高下者，各視其部。
少俞答曰：欲知其高下者，各视其部。
shào yú dá yuē: yù zhī qí gāo xià zhě, gè shì qí bù.
少俞答说：想知道高下的，各看它的部位。
Shao Yu answered: To know whether high or low, look at each part.
28
黃帝曰：人之善病腸中積聚者，何以候之？
黄帝曰：人之善病肠中积聚者，何以候之？ Huáng Dì yuē: rén zhī shàn bìng cháng zhōng jī jù zhě, hé yǐ hòu zhī?
黄帝说：人容易患肠中积聚的，怎样诊候？
The Emperor said: How does one diagnose the person prone to accumulations in the intestines?
29
少俞答曰：皮膚薄而不澤，肉不堅而淖澤，如此則腸胃惡，惡則邪氣留止，積聚乃傷。脾胃之間，寒温不次，邪氣稍至，蓄積留止，大聚乃起。
少俞答曰：皮肤薄而不泽，肉不坚而淖泽，如此则肠胃恶，恶则邪气留止，积聚乃伤。脾胃之间，寒温不次，邪气稍至，蓄积留止，大聚乃起。 shào yú dá yuē: pí fū bó ér bù zé, ròu bù jiān ér nào zé, rú cǐ zé cháng wèi è, è zé xié qì liú zhǐ, jī jù nǎi shāng. pí wèi zhī jiān, hán wēn bù cì, xié qì shāo zhì, xù jī liú zhǐ, dà jù nǎi qǐ.
少俞答说：皮肤薄而不润泽，肉不坚而淖泽，这样肠胃就恶，恶就邪气留止，积聚于是形成伤害。脾胃之间，寒温不调，邪气渐至，蓄积留止，大聚就形成。
Shao Yu answered: The skin is thin and not moist, the flesh unfirm and sodden. In such a case the stomach and intestines are bad, and being bad, evil qi lingers there and accumulations do their damage. Between spleen and stomach cold and warmth are out of order; evil qi arrives little by little, is stored and remains, and a great accumulation arises.
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黃帝曰：余聞病形，已知之矣，願聞其時。
黄帝曰：余闻病形，已知之矣，愿闻其时。 Huáng Dì yuē: yú wén bìng xíng, yǐ zhī zhī yǐ, yuàn wén qí shí.
黄帝说：我听说病形，已经知道了，愿意听听它的时令。
The Emperor said: I have heard of the forms of disease and know them now. I should like to hear of their times.
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少俞答曰：先立其年，以知其時，時高則起，時下則殆，雖不陷下，當年有衝通，其病必起。是謂因形而生病，五變之紀也。
少俞答曰：先立其年，以知其时，时高则起，时下则殆，虽不陷下，当年有冲通，其病必起。是谓因形而生病，五变之纪也。
shào yú dá yuē: xiān lì qí nián, yǐ zhī qí shí, shí gāo zé qǐ, shí xià zé dài, suī bù xiàn xià, dāng nián yǒu chōng tōng, qí bìng bì qǐ. shì wèi yīn xíng ér shēng bìng, wǔ biàn zhī jì yě.
少俞答说：先立其年，以知其时，时高就起，时下就危，虽然不陷下，当年有冲通，其病必起。这叫做因形而生病，是五变的纲纪。
Shao Yu answered: First establish the year, and so know the time. When the time is high the disease rises; when low, it is dangerous. Even if there is no sinking, in that year there is a rushing through, and the disease must arise. This is called falling ill according to the form — the rule of the five changes.