人有大谷十二分,小谿三百五十四名,少十二俞,此皆衛氣之所留止,邪氣之所客也,鍼石緣而去之。
人有大谷十二分,小溪三百五十四名,少十二俞,此皆卫气之所留止,邪气之所客也,针石缘而去之。
rén yǒu dà gǔ shí èr fēn, xiǎo xī sān bǎi wǔ shí sì míng, shǎo shí èr shù, cǐ jiē wèi qì zhī suǒ liú zhǐ, xié qì zhī suǒ kè yě, zhēn shí yuán ér qù zhī.
A person has twelve divisions of the great valleys and three hundred and fifty-four named lesser ravines, less the twelve transport points. These are where the defence qi comes to rest and where evil qi lodges as a guest; needle and stone follow along them and drive it out.
本篇衛氣之要:谿谷為「衛氣之所留止,邪氣之所客」,故鍼石緣而去之。王冰:衛氣滿填以行,邪氣不得居止;衛氣虧缺留止,則為邪氣所客。注意與第七篇「胃氣」(胃脘之陽)同音異詞。
歧伯曰:鍼石,道也。精神不進,志意不治,故病不可愈。今精壞神去,榮衛不可復收。何者?嗜欲無窮,而憂患不止,精氣弛壞,榮泣衛除,故神去之而病不愈也。
岐伯曰:针石,道也。精神不进,志意不治,故病不可愈。今精坏神去,荣卫不可复收。何者?嗜欲无穷,而忧患不止,精气弛坏,荣泣卫除,故神去之而病不愈也。
qí bó yuē: zhēn shí, dào yě. jīng shén bù jìn, zhì yì bù zhì, gù bìng bù kě yù. jīn jīng huài shén qù, yíng wèi bù kě fù shōu. hé zhě? shì yù wú qióng, ér yōu huàn bù zhǐ, jīng qì chí huài, yíng sè wèi chú, gù shén qù zhī ér bìng bù yù yě.
Qibo says: the needle and the stone are only a method. If essence and spirit do not advance and purpose and intention are not governed, the illness cannot be cured. Now the essence is ruined and the spirit has departed, and the construction and defence can no longer be gathered back. Why? Because appetites are endless and cares never stop: the essence-qi slackens and decays, the construction stagnates and the defence is dispelled, and so the spirit leaves and the illness is not cured.
本篇作「榮衛」:榮即營氣、衛即衛氣,「榮衛不可復收」謂二者敗壞而不可收復;「榮泣衛除」謂營血凝澀、衛氣消亡。與第一篇「衛氣乃固」、第五篇「營氣不從」之營衛同一對舉,而本篇以營衛之壞釋「神不使」之所以然。
是故天温日明,則人血淖液而衛氣浮,故血易冩,氣易行。天寒日陰,則人血凝泣而衛氣沈。
是故天温日明,则人血淖液而卫气浮,故血易写,气易行。天寒日阴,则人血凝泣而卫气沉。
Shì gù tiān wēn rì míng, zé rén xuè nào yè ér wèi qì fú, gù xuè yì xiè, qì yì xíng.Tiān hán rì yīn, zé rén xuè níng sè ér wèi qì chén.
Thus when the sky is warm and the sun bright, a person’s blood is moist and thin and the defence qi floats; hence the blood is easily drained and the qi moves easily. When the sky is cold and the sun overcast, the blood congeals and grows sluggish, and the defence qi sinks.
本篇給衛氣畫了一條隨天時升降的曲線,是《內經》論衛氣最為具體的一處:天温日明則血淖液而「衛氣浮」,天寒日陰則血凝泣而「衛氣沈」;月始生則「衛氣始行」,月郭空則「衛氣去」而形獨居。**「沈」讀 chén,即沉之本字,底本不作「沉」**;「浮」讀 fú;「淖」讀 nào;「泣」讀 sè,通澀。衛氣之浮沈即下文「以𠉀氣之浮沈」之所候者——所候的不是脈象而是衛氣隨寒温月相而變的升沉。
此皆榮衛之傾移,虚實之所生,非邪氣從外入於經也。
此皆荣卫之倾移,虚实之所生,非邪气从外入于经也。
Cǐ jiē róng wèi zhī qīng yí, xū shí zhī suǒ shēng, fēi xié qì cóng wài rù yú jīng yě.
But all of these are merely the tipping and shifting of the bloom and defence, and the vacuity and repletion that arise from it. They are not cases of an evil qi entering the channels from outside.
本篇「榮衛」二見,一在篇首論榮衛之傾移,一在篇末論榮衛之散亂,中間隔著全篇的攻邪之說——是則榮衛之病,起於傾移而終於散亂,其間的關捩即在醫者之「不知三部」。**「衛」讀 wèi**;「散」讀 sàn,「亂」讀 luàn。本篇不單言衛氣,必與榮連言,可與本站榮字條(id 413)、第二十六篇榮衛之說互參。
歧伯曰:榮氣虚,衛氣實也,榮氣虚則不仁,衛氣虚,則不用,榮衛俱虚,則不仁且不用,肉如故也。
歧伯曰:荣气虚,卫气实也,荣气虚则不仁,卫气虚,则不用,荣卫俱虚,则不仁且不用,肉如故也。
Qí bó yuē: róng qì xū, wèi qì shí yě, róng qì xū zé bù rén, wèi qì xū, zé bù yòng, róng wèi jù xū, zé bù rén qiě bù yòng, ròu rú gù yě.
Qi Bo says: the construction qi is vacuous and the defence qi replete. When construction qi is vacuous there is numbness; when defence qi is vacuous there is loss of use; when both are vacuous there is numbness together with loss of use, while the flesh still looks as it always did.
「衛氣」之目於本站已立(id 219),現收五條:第三篇「衛氣散解」言其散,第十篇「此皆衛氣之所留止」言其止,第十四篇「榮衛不可復收」言其敗,第二十六篇「衛氣浮」「衛氣沈」言其應天,第二十七篇「此皆榮衛之傾移」言其移。**本篇別出一義:衛氣不獨衛外,亦主一身之「用」**——「榮」讀 róng,本篇 3 見;「氣」讀 qì,本篇 18 見;**「虚」讀 xū,本篇 6 見**——底本从丘不从虍,不作「虛」(「虛」);**「衛」讀 wèi,本篇 3 見**——底本作「衛」,不作「卫」;**「實」讀 shí,本篇惟此一見**——从宀从貫,富實也;「也」讀 yě;「則」讀 zé,本篇 6 見;「不」讀 bù;「仁」讀 rén;**「用」讀 yòng,本篇二見**——从卜从中,施用也,**「不用」者肢體不能舉動**;**「俱」讀 jù,本篇惟此一見**;**「且」讀 qiě,本篇惟此一見**;「肉」讀 ròu;「如」讀 rú;「故」讀 gù。**此句為《素問》校勘上著名之疑點**:先言「衛氣實」而下文言「衛氣虚」,舊注二說并存——一說「實」當作「虚」,涉下而誤;一說「實」字不誤,榮虚衛實自為一證。**照錄底本作「實」,讀者勿以彼改此。****本篇之要用在末句:衛氣虚則不用**——衛氣行於脈外而溫分肉、充皮膚,其氣虚則肢體無所使,與榮氣虚之「不仁」對:不仁者不知,不用者不能。**與第二十七篇「此皆榮衛之傾移,虚實之所生」互注**:彼言榮衛傾移而生虚實,本篇即以此理析一證為二端。**與第三篇「衛氣散解」對照**:彼言其散而為自傷,此言其虚而為不用——**一見於外之失守,一見於體之失用**。
衛氣者,晝日行於陽,夜行於陰,此氣得陽而外出,得陰而内薄,内外相薄,是以日作。
卫气者,昼日行于阳,夜行于阴,此气得阳而外出,得阴而内薄,内外相薄,是以日作。
Wèi qì zhě, zhòu rì xíng yú yáng, yè xíng yú yīn, cǐ qì dé yáng ér wài chū, dé yīn ér nèi bó, nèi wài xiāng bó, shì yǐ rì zuò.
The defensive qi moves through yang by day and through yin by night. This qi, meeting yang, goes outward; meeting yin, presses inward. Inner and outer press against each other — and this is why the fit comes daily.
「衛氣」之目於本站已立(id 219),所收六條。**本篇「衛氣」二字12見,為全站諸篇之最**,而本篇全篇之機制即建立於衛氣晝夜之行:**衛氣行則邪與之會而病作,衛氣止則邪無所會而病休**——**日作、間日、數日一作、日晏、日早,無一不決於此**。「衛」讀 wèi,本篇 12 見,不作「卫」(「卫」);「氣」讀 qì;「者」讀 zhě;「晝」讀 zhòu,本篇惟此一見,不作「昼」(「昼」);「日」讀 rì,本篇 24 見;「行」讀 xíng,本篇 5 見;「於」讀 yú;「陽」讀 yáng;「夜」讀 yè,本篇 2 見;「陰」讀 yīn;「此」讀 cǐ;「得」讀 dé;「而」讀 ér;「外」讀 wài;「出」讀 chū,本篇 12 見;「内」讀 nèi,本篇 16 見,不作「內」(「內」);「薄」讀 bó,本篇 5 見,讀 bó,迫也;「相」讀 xiāng;「是」讀 shì;「以」讀 yǐ;「作」讀 zuò。**「晝日行於陽,夜行於陰」八字,與《靈樞·衛氣行》相表裏**,**本站「衛氣」條所收第三篇「陽氣者…日中而陽氣隆」之以一日論衛氣者,與此為同一機括而彼略此詳**。**本篇更進一層**:不徒言衛氣之行,而言邪與衛之「會」與「不會」,故下文曰「不能與衛氣俱行,不得皆出,故間日乃作也」——**是《素問》以衛氣釋病期之最密者**。
衛氣有所凝而不行,故其肉有不仁也。
卫气有所凝而不行,故其肉有不仁也。
Wèi qì yǒu suǒ níng ér bù xíng, gù qí ròu yǒu bù rén yě.
Where the defensive qi is congealed and cannot move, that flesh loses all feeling.
「衛氣有所凝而不行,故其肉有不仁也」——**本篇「衛氣」2見**:**一與風相干於分肉之閒,一凝而不行於肉分**;**衛氣凝則肉不仁,是本篇為不仁所立之因**。「凝」讀 níng**「凝」讀 níng**;「仁」讀 rén**「不仁」讀 bù rén**——**王冰「不仁,謂不知寒熱痛癢」**。
歧伯曰:取分肉間,無中其經,無傷其絡,衛氣得復,邪氣乃索。
歧伯曰:取分肉间,无中其经,无伤其络,卫气得复,邪气乃索。
Qí bó yuē: qǔ fēn ròu jiān, wú zhòng qí jīng, wú shāng qí luò, wèi qì dé fù, xié qì nǎi suǒ.
Qi Bo says: take the partings between the flesh. Do not strike the channel, do not wound the network vessel, and the defence qi will be restored; then the evil qi is dispersed.
「取分肉間,無中其經,無傷其絡,衛氣得復,邪氣乃索」——**「衛氣」本篇3見,皆與榮血、營氣對舉**:**「榮血泣,衛氣去,故曰虚」一見(寒濕中人)**;**「𤣥府不通,衛氣不得泄越,故外熱」一見(陽盛生外熱)**;**「衛氣得復,邪氣乃索」一見(刺形之微者)**;**末章「病在氣,調之衛」,是衛為氣之舍**;**「衛」讀 wèi**
故聖人傳精神,服天氣,而通神明。失之則内閉九竅,外壅肌肉,衞氣散解,此謂自傷,氣之削也。
故圣人传精神,服天气,而通神明。失之则内闭九窍,外壅肌肉,卫气散解,此谓自伤,气之削也。
Gù shèng rén chuán jīng shén, fú tiān qì, ér tōng shén míng. shī zhī zé nèi bì jiǔ qiào, wài yōng jī ròu, wèi qì sàn jiě, cǐ wèi zì shāng, qì zhī xuē yě.
Therefore the sage gathers the jing and shen, takes in the qi of heaven, and so communicates with the spirit brightness. Let this go, and the nine orifices are shut within and the flesh is stopped up without; the defensive qi scatters and dissolves. This is called wounding oneself – it is the qi being pared away.
「衞氣散解」——底本作衞,通行本作衛,二字音義無別,讀 wèi;失清淨之道,則内閉九竅、外壅肌肉,衞氣由是散解;**「衞氣」本篇1見**