空竅 简体 空窍

kōng qiào

The hollow openings · kong qiao

Also rendered: The hollow openings (literal, and it keeps the two graphs apart) · The orifices (plain, and it is what the passage means)

Reviewed · 2026-10-24

At a glance

Pinyin
kōng qiào
Simplified
空窍
Literal
空 kōng — hollow, read as 孔; 竅 qiào — an opening. The orifices of the head, into which the blood and qi of the whole body rise.
Shuowen
《說文》:空,竅也;竅,空也,二字互訓。「空竅」本篇1見,與「九竅」同實而異名;「竅」字1見,唯此一處。

In brief

The orifices of the head, and the reason the face can go bare in frost. 十二經脉,三百六十五絡,其血氣皆上于面而走空竅 — all the channels and network vessels send blood and qi up to the face and into the hollow openings. What each opening receives is then specified: essence-yang qi makes sight at the eye, the separated qi makes hearing at the ear, ancestral qi makes smell at the nose, turbid qi from the stomach makes taste at the lips and tongue. The passage is the book’s compact account of the senses, and its point is anatomical rather than mystical: the face is not tougher than the hand, it is better supplied.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
The openings 走空竅
頭面之孔竅
The blood and qi rise to the face and enter the openings.
其血氣皆上于面而走空竅 — 靈樞·邪氣藏府病形
2
Sight 上走於目而爲睛
精陽之氣上注而成視
Essence-yang qi goes to the eye and makes sight.
其精陽氣上走於目而爲睛 — 靈樞·邪氣藏府病形
3
Read as 孔 空竅
空讀 kōng,謂孔穴,非「空中」之空
Read kōng: orifices, not the hollow of a point.
而走空竅 — 靈樞·邪氣藏府病形

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
4 passages
靈樞·邪氣藏府病形 Read in context →
黃帝問於歧伯曰:首面與身形也,屬骨連筋,同血合於氣耳。天寒則裂地凌冰,其卒寒或手足懈惰,然而其面不衣,何也?歧伯答曰:十二經脉,三百六十五絡,其血氣皆上于面而走空竅,其精陽氣上走於目而爲睛,其别氣走於耳而爲聽,其宗氣上出於鼻而爲臭,其濁氣出於胃,走脣舌而爲味。其氣之津液,皆上熏于面,而皮又厚,其肉堅,故天氣甚寒不能勝之也。 黄帝问于歧伯曰:首面与身形也,属骨连筋,同血合于气耳。天寒则裂地凌冰,其卒寒或手足懈惰,然而其面不衣,何也?歧伯答曰:十二经脉,三百六十五络,其血气皆上于面而走空窍,其精阳气上走于目而为睛,其别气走于耳而为听,其宗气上出于鼻而为臭,其浊气出于胃,走唇舌而为味。其气之津液,皆上熏于面,而皮又厚,其肉坚,故天气甚寒不能胜之也。
Huáng Dì wèn yú Qí Bó yuē: shǒu miàn yǔ shēn xíng yě, zhǔ gǔ lián jīn, tóng xuè hé yú qì ěr. tiān hán zé liè dì líng bīng, qí cù hán huò shǒu zú xiè duò, rán ér qí miàn bù yì, hé yě? Qí Bó dá yuē: shí èr jīng mài, sān bǎi liù shí wǔ luò, qí xuè qì jiē shàng yú miàn ér zǒu kōng qiào, qí jīng yáng qì shàng zǒu yú mù ér wéi jīng, qí bié qì zǒu yú ěr ér wéi tīng, qí zōng qì shàng chū yú bí ér wéi xiù, qí zhuó qì chū yú wèi, zǒu chún shé ér wéi wèi. qí qì zhī jīn yè, jiē shàng xūn yú miàn, ér pí yòu hòu, qí ròu jiān, gù tiān qì shèn hán bù néng shèng zhī yě.
Huang Di asked Qi Bo: Head and face with the body and form — they are joined to the bones, linked by the sinews, share the blood and unite in the qi, that is all. When heaven is cold it cracks the earth and piles up ice, and in sudden cold the hands and feet may be slack and useless; yet the face needs no clothing. Why is this? Qi Bo answered: In the twelve channels and the three hundred and sixty-five network vessels the blood and qi all go up to the face and enter the hollow openings. The essence-yang qi goes up to the eyes and makes sight; the separated qi goes to the ears and makes hearing; the ancestral qi goes out at the nose and makes smell; the turbid qi goes out from the stomach to the lips and tongue and makes taste. The fluids of this qi all steam upward to the face, and moreover its skin is thick and its flesh firm, so that the cold of heaven, however severe, cannot overcome it.
「空竅」本篇1見,在「其血氣皆上于面而走空竅」一句。「竅」字1見,唯此而已。空即孔,故《素問》或作「孔竅」;此篇作「空」,與「空中」之空同字而異讀。
靈樞·口問 Read in context →
歧伯曰:心者,五藏六府之主也;目者,宗脉之所聚也,上液之道也;口鼻者,氣之門户也。故悲哀愁憂則心動,心動則五藏六府皆摇,摇則宗脉感,宗脉感則液道開,液道開故泣涕出焉。液者,所以灌精濡空竅者也,故上液之道開則泣,泣不止則液竭,液竭則精不灌,精不灌則目無所見矣,故命曰奪精。補天柱經俠頸。 歧伯曰:心者,五藏六府之主也;目者,宗脉之所聚也,上液之道也;口鼻者,气之门户也。故悲哀愁忧则心动,心动则五藏六府皆摇,摇则宗脉感,宗脉感则液道开,液道开故泣涕出焉。液者,所以灌精濡空窍者也,故上液之道开则泣,泣不止则液竭,液竭则精不灌,精不灌则目无所见矣,故命曰夺精。补天柱经侠颈。
Qí Bó yuē: xīn zhě, wǔ zàng liù fǔ zhī zhǔ yě; mù zhě, zōng mài zhī suǒ jù yě, shàng yè zhī dào yě; kǒu bí zhě, qì zhī mén hù yě. gù bēi āi chóu yōu zé xīn dòng, xīn dòng zé wǔ zàng liù fǔ jiē yáo, yáo zé zōng mài gǎn, zōng mài gǎn zé yè dào kāi, yè dào kāi gù qì tì chū yān. yè zhě, suǒ yǐ guàn jīng rú kōng qiào zhě yě, gù shàng yè zhī dào kāi zé qì, qì bù zhǐ zé yè jié, yè jié zé jīng bù guàn, jīng bù guàn zé mù wú suǒ jiàn yǐ, gù mìng yuē duó jīng. bǔ tiān zhù jīng xié jǐng.
Qibo said: the heart is the master of the five viscera and six receptacles; the eye is where the ancestral vessels gather and is the road of the upper fluids; mouth and nose are the doors of qi. So grief, sorrow and worry move the heart; the heart moved, the five viscera and six receptacles all shake; shaking, the ancestral vessels are stirred; stirred, the fluid road opens; the fluid road open, tears and mucus flow. Fluid is what irrigates the essence and moistens the empty orifices; so when the road of the upper fluids opens there are tears, and tears that do not stop exhaust the fluid; the fluid exhausted, the essence is not irrigated; the essence not irrigated, the eye sees nothing. So it is named seizing the essence. Tonify the Tianzhu channel beside the nape.
「空竅」口問第20段見,義與本條相合,引全段為證。
靈樞·陰陽清濁 Read in context →
歧伯曰:手太陽獨受陽之濁,手太陰獨受陰之清。其清者上走空竅,其濁者下行諸經。諸陰皆清,足太陰獨受其濁。 歧伯曰:手太阳独受阳之浊,手太阴独受阴之清。其清者上走空窍,其浊者下行诸经。诸阴皆清,足太阴独受其浊。
Qí Bó yuē: shǒu tài yáng dú shòu yáng zhī zhuó, shǒu tài yīn dú shòu yīn zhī qīng. qí qīng zhě shàng zǒu kōng qiào, qí zhuó zhě xià xíng zhū jīng. zhū yīn jiē qīng, zú tài yīn dú shòu qí zhuó.
Qi Bo said: The hand greater yang alone receives the turbid of yang, and the hand greater yin alone receives the clear of yin. The clear part rises to the empty orifices, the turbid part descends through the channels. All the yin are clear, but the foot greater yin alone receives their turbid.
「空竅」陰陽清濁第10段見,義與本條相合,引全段為證。
靈樞·動輸 Read in context →
歧伯曰:胃氣上注于肺,其悍氣上衝頭者,循咽上走空竅,循眼系,入絡腦,出顑,下客主人,循牙車,合陽明,并下人迎,此胃氣别走于陽明者也。 歧伯曰:胃气上注于肺,其悍气上冲头者,循咽上走空窍,循眼系,入络脑,出顑,下客主人,循牙车,合阳明,并下人迎,此胃气别走于阳明者也。
Qí Bó yuē: wèi qì shàng zhù yú fèi, qí hàn qì shàng chōng tóu zhě, xún yān shàng zǒu kōng qiào, xún yǎn xì, rù luò nǎo, chū kǎn, xià kè zhǔ rén, xún yá chē, hé yáng míng, bìng xià rén yíng, cǐ wèi qì bié zǒu yú yáng míng zhě yě.
Qi Bo said: The stomach qi flows upward to the lungs. Its fierce qi, which rushes up to the head, follows the throat up into the empty orifices, follows the eye system into the brain, emerges at the cheek, descends to Kezhuren, follows the jaw cart, joins the yangming, and goes down together to Renying. This is the stomach qi that branches away into the yangming.
「空竅」動輸第6段見,義與本條相合,引全段為證。

Compounds built on this term

九竅
jiǔ qiào
the nine openings
後世通名
空
kōng
hollow, orifice
通孔

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

This sitethe hollow openings空 and 竅 are near-synonyms and both are kept
Literalempty holesexact, and it is unreadable
Clinicalthe sensory orificesclear, and it narrows the word to five

Entry status

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2026-10-24

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Reading path

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