凥

jū

Ju · the seat

Also rendered: The seat (this site; the older graph is translated by what it names) · The buttocks (the modern part; 凥 is the place one sits, not the flesh)

Reviewed · 2026-09

At a glance

Pinyin
jū
Simplified
凥
Literal
凥 jū — the seat, the part one sits on; the older form of 居, written with 尸 over 几, a person over the stool they rest on. Chapter 41 uses it twice. In the first entry the pain of greater yang draws up through the nape, the spine, the seat and the back, as though a weight were carried; in the last, the place to needle is 腰凥交者, where the lower back and the seat meet, above the two hip bones. It is not 尻 kāo, the sacrum and the tail, though the two graphs are close and the two parts are neighbours. The base text writes 凥 in both places and the transcription keeps it.
Shuowen
《說文解字》:凥,處也——**从尸得几而止**;**段玉裁曰:凥,居之本字,後人以居代之而凥廢**。「凥」讀 jū,**本篇2見**:**一在開篇「引項脊凥背」,一在篇末「刺腰凥交者」**;**「腰凥交者」1見**。**不作「尻」(「尻」讀 kāo)**——**尻从尸从九,讀 kāo,尾骶也;凥从尸从几,讀 jū,坐處也**,**二字義近而音形俱別**。「髁」讀 kē、「胂」讀 shēn、**「兩髁胂上」之髁讀 kē、胂讀 shēn**(失人切;**今或讀 shèn,此从反切**);「交」讀 jiāo**「腰凥交者」之交,相交之處也**。

In brief

The seat — the part one sits on, and the older form of 居. Chapter 41 names it twice: in the first entry the pain draws up through the seat, and in the last the needle goes where the lower back and the seat meet.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
What the graph says 凥
从尸得几而止,居之本字,讀 jū
引項脊凥背如重狀 — Suwen 41
2
Not the sacrum 不作尻
尻从九讀 kāo,凥从几讀 jū,二字別
引項脊凥背 — Suwen 41
3
In the first entry 引項脊凥背
痛自項脊而及於凥背,如負重然
引項脊凥背如重狀 — Suwen 41
4
In the last entry 腰凥交者
腰與凥相交之處,即其取穴之所
刺腰凥交者 — Suwen 41
5
How the spot is found 兩髁胂上
兩髁之胂上,即其分
兩髁胂上 — Suwen 41
6
What follows 發鍼立已
刺之而鍼出即愈,與諸條之計痏者異
發鍼立已 — Suwen 41

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
7 passages
Suwen 41 Suwen 41 · 刺腰痛 Read in context →
腰痛引少腹控䏚,不可以仰。刺腰凥交者,兩髁胂上,以月生死爲痏數,發鍼立已。 腰痛引少腹控䏚,不可以仰。刺腰凥交者,两髁胂上,以月生死为痏数,发针立已。
Yāo tòng yǐn shào fù kòng miǎo, bù kě yǐ yǎng. Cì yāo jū jiāo zhě, liǎng kē shēn shàng, yǐ yuè shēng sǐ wéi wěi shù, fā zhēn lì yǐ.
When the pain draws into the lower abdomen and grips the hollow of the flank, so that the patient cannot lean back, needle where the lower back and the seat meet, above the two hip bones, taking the waxing and waning of the moon for the number of insertions; withdraw the needle and the patient is well at once.
**「刺腰凥交者,兩髁胂上」是本篇最末一刺**,**「以月生死爲痏數」為本篇獨有之法**——**他條皆言二痏三痏,惟此以月之盈虧為數**。「控」讀 kòng、**「腰痛引少腹控䏚」之控讀 kòng**;「䏚」讀 miǎo**本篇1見**,**季脅下之空軟處**;「仰」讀 yǎng**「不可以仰」之仰讀 yǎng**;「立」讀 lì**「發鍼立已」讀 lì**。
素問·痺論 Suwen 43 · 痺論 Read in context →
凡痺之客五藏者,肺痺者,煩滿喘而嘔;心痺者,脉不通,煩則心下鼓,暴上氣而喘,嗌乾善噫,厥氣上則恐;肝痺者,夜卧則驚,多飲數小便,上爲引如懷;腎痺者,善脹,凥以代踵,脊以代頭;脾痺者,四支解墯,發欬嘔汁,上爲大塞;腸痺者,數飲而出不得,中氣喘爭,時發飱泄;胞痺者,少腹膀胱,按之内痛,若沃以湯,澀於小便,上爲清涕。 凡痹之客五脏者,肺痹者,烦满喘而呕;心痹者,脉不通,烦则心下鼓,暴上气而喘,嗌干善噫,厥气上则恐;肝痹者,夜卧则惊,多饮数小便,上为引如怀;肾痹者,善胀,凥以代踵,脊以代头;脾痹者,四肢解惰,发咳呕汁,上为大塞;肠痹者,数饮而出不得,中气喘争,时发飧泄;胞痹者,少腹膀胱,按之内痛,若沃以汤,涩于小便,上为清涕。
Fán bì zhī kè wǔ zàng zhě, fèi bì zhě, fán mǎn chuǎn ér ǒu; xīn bì zhě, mài bù tōng, fán zé xīn xià gǔ, bào shàng qì ér chuǎn, yì gān shàn ài, jué qì shàng zé kǒng; gān bì zhě, yè wò zé jīng, duō yǐn shuò xiǎo biàn, shàng wéi yǐn rú huái; shèn bì zhě, shàn zhàng, jū yǐ dài zhǒng, jǐ yǐ dài tóu; pí bì zhě, sì zhī jiě duò, fā kài ǒu zhī, shàng wéi dà sè; cháng bì zhě, shuò yǐn ér chū bù dé, zhōng qì chuǎn zhēng, shí fā sūn xiè; bāo bì zhě, shào fù páng guāng, àn zhī nèi tòng, ruò wò yǐ tāng, sè yú xiǎo biàn, shàng wéi qīng tì.
For obstruction lodging in the five stores: lung obstruction is fullness and distress, panting and vomiting; heart obstruction is the vessels not passing through — distress brings a beating below the heart, sudden rising qi and panting, a dry pharynx and frequent belching, and when the counterflow qi rises, fear; liver obstruction is starting in the night, drinking much and passing water often, with a drawing upward that feels like carrying a child; kidney obstruction is a readiness to swell, the rump taking the place of the heel and the spine taking the place of the head; spleen obstruction is slackness of the four limbs, coughing and vomiting fluid, and great stoppage above; intestinal obstruction is drinking often and yet not passing it, the central qi contending with panting, and from time to time outflow diarrhea; bladder obstruction is pain within the lower abdomen and bladder when pressed, as though hot water had been poured in, rough passage of urine, and clear snivel above.
「凥以代踵,脊以代頭」——「凥」讀 jū,**本篇「凥」1見**,**从尸从几,讀 jū,為「居」之本字**;**諸通行本此句多作「尻以代踵」,本篇从底本作「凥」**——**與 ch41 之裁定同例**。
素問·骨空論 Suwen 60 · 骨空論 Read in context →
腰痛不可以轉摇,急引陰𡖉,刺八髎與痛上,八髎在腰凥分閒。 腰痛不可以转摇,急引阴卵,刺八髎与痛上,八髎在腰凥分间。
Yāo tòng bù kě yǐ zhuǎn yáo, jí yǐn yīn luǎn, cì bā liáo yǔ tòng shàng, bā liáo zài yāo jū fēn jiān.
When the lower back aches so that one cannot turn or sway, and the pulling runs urgently into the scrotum, needle the eight liao and the place that hurts. The eight liao are in the space where the lower back divides from the seat bone.
「八髎在腰「凥」讀 jū「分」讀 fēn「閒」讀 jiān」——**「凥」讀 jū,尸下从几,為「居」之本字,不作「尻」kāo;本篇4見**;**「閒」此處从底本,本篇「閒」1見、「間」7見,同篇二形並存,皆讀 jiān**;**本目第四十一篇所立,本篇「凥上五行」「凥骨下空」「凥骨空」皆此部位**
素問·水熱穴論 Suwen 61 · 水熱穴論 Read in context →
凥上五行,行五者,此腎俞。 凥上五行,行五者,此肾俞。
Jū shàng wǔ háng, háng wǔ zhě, cǐ shèn shù.
Five rows above the seat, five points to a row – these are the kidney transport points.
「「凥」讀 jū上五行,行五者,此腎俞」——**「凥」本篇1見,讀 jū,尸下从几,為「居」之本字,不作「尻」kāo**;**「凥上五行」之「行」讀 háng,行列也,與「五行」之讀 wǔ xíng 無涉**;**此條與第六十篇「凥上五行,行五」同文**
素問·繆刺論 Suwen 63 · 繆刺論 Read in context →
邪客於足太陰之絡,令人腰痛,引少腹控䏚,不可以仰息,剌腰凥之解,兩胂之上,是腰俞。 邪客于足太阴之络,令人腰痛,引少腹控䏚,不可以仰息,刺腰凥之解,两胂之上,是腰俞。
Xié kè yú zú tài yīn zhī luò, lìng rén yāo tòng, yǐn shào fù kòng miǎo, bù kě yǐ yǎng xī, cì yāo jū zhī jiě, liǎng shēn zhī shàng, shì yāo shù.
When evil lodges in the network of the foot greater yin it causes pain of the lower back that pulls the lower abdomen and grips the soft place below the short ribs, so that one cannot lie back and breathe. Puncture the cleft of the lower back and the buttock, above the two flank muscles; this is the lumbar transport point.
「剌腰凥之解,兩胂之上,是腰俞」——**「凥」本篇1見,讀 jū**:**剌腰凥之解、兩胂之上,是腰俞——凥者,人所坐之處,「居」之古字**;**「凥」與「尻」形近而別:尻為尾骶,凥為坐處;底本作「凥」,本篇無「尻」字**;**「胂」讀 shēn,夾脊之肉;「解」讀 jiě,骨節相接之處**
Suwen 71 Suwen 71 · 六元正紀大論 Read in context →
厥陰所至,爲支痛;少陰所至,爲驚惑、惡寒、戰慄、譫妄;太陰所至,爲蓄滿;少陽所至,爲驚躁、瞀昧、暴病;陽明所至,爲鼽凥陰、股、膝、髀、腨、䯒、足病;太陽所至,爲腰痛,病之常也。 厥阴所至,为支痛;少阴所至,为惊惑、恶寒、战栗、谵妄;太阴所至,为蓄满;少阳所至,为惊躁、瞀昧、暴病;阳明所至,为鼽凥阴、股、膝、髀、腨、䯒、足病;太阳所至,为腰痛,病之常也。
Jué yīn suǒ zhì, wéi zhī tòng; shào yīn suǒ zhì, wéi jīng huò, wù hán, zhàn lì, zhān wàng; tài yīn suǒ zhì, wéi xù mǎn; shào yáng suǒ zhì, wéi jīng zào, mào mèi, bào bìng; yáng míng suǒ zhì, wéi qiú kāo yīn, gǔ, xī, bì, shuàn, héng, zú bìng; tài yáng suǒ zhì, wéi yāo tòng, bìng zhī cháng yě.
Where ceasing yin arrives there is propping pain; where lesser yin, fright and confusion, aversion to cold, shivering and delirious speech; where greater yin, gathering and fullness; where lesser yang, fright and restlessness, dim confusion and sudden illness; where yang brightness, snivelling and illness of the rump and the privates, the thighs, the knees, the hip, the calf, the shin and the foot; where greater yang, low back pain — the constant of illness.
**「凥」本篇1見,止在此句**;**此段「爲鼽凥陰、股、膝、髀」,陽明所至,與上文太陽所至之腰痛相接**
Suwen 74 Suwen 74 · 至真要大論 Read in context →
太陽在泉,寒復内餘,則腰凥痛,屈伸不利,股脛足膝中痛。 太阳在泉,寒复内余,则腰凥痛,屈伸不利,股胫足膝中痛。
Tài yáng zài quán, hán fù nèi yú, zé yāo kāo tòng, qū shēn bù lì, gǔ jìng zú xī zhōng tòng.
When greater yang lies in the spring, and the cold takes revenge so that there is a surplus within, the loins and the rump ache, bending and stretching are not at ease, and there is pain in the thighs, the shins, the feet and the knees.
**「凥」本篇2見,二見皆在腰凥之内**;**此段「則腰凥痛,屈伸不利,股脛足膝中痛」,太陽在泉客勝之病**

Compounds built on this term

腰凥交者
yāo jū jiāo zhě
where the lower back and the seat meet
篇末取穴之處
引項脊凥背
yǐn xiàng jǐ jū bèi
drawing through nape, spine and seat
太陽腰痛之狀
兩髁胂上
liǎng kē shēn shàng
above the two hip bones
腰凥交之定位
以月生死爲痏數
yǐ yuè shēng sǐ wéi wěi shù
the moon's waxing and waning for the count
腰凥交所獨用

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

This sitethe seatthe graph is translated as the place one sits; ju is given at the headword, and 尻 kāo is named as the graph it is not
Unschuldthe buttocksrenders 凥 by the part and does not distinguish it from 尻
Wisemanthe seatthe same; Wiseman notes the reading jū

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-09

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Reading path

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