Term category: Core vocabulary

  • Five flavours

  • Zhi · the will

    The thing in a person that has a direction. Suwen 2 is the chapter of this word: every season has its instruction for the will — let it grow, keep it from…

  • Form and spirit together

    Suwen 1’s ideal ending: not that the body lasts, but that the body and the person’s alertness last together and finish together. The opposite is a body outliving its own presence.

  • The four qi

    The chapter’s title term: the four seasonal qi, and the regimen that answers to each. ‘Regulating the spirit with the four qi’ (四氣調神) means ordering one’s inner life by the season rather…

  • Treating what is not yet ill

    The line that made prevention central to Chinese medicine: don’t wait for the disease. The chapter closes with the image that makes the point — digging a well only once you are…

  • Heavenly Master

    The form of address the Yellow Emperor uses for Qi Bo. It tells the reader how to take the dialogue: the questions are asked by a sovereign and answered by someone authorised…

  • Shengren · sage

    The figure the texts use for a person who gets it right — not a moral paragon but someone whose conduct matches the way things actually work. In Suwen 2 the sage…

  • De · virtue

    Not moral goodness in the English sense. De is what something has and does by being itself — and when heaven ‘stores’ it (藏德), the point is that its efficacy is invisible…

  • Xing · form

    The body in its visible, labouring aspect — what walks, works, grows tired and decays. The texts nearly always pair it with spirit, and their programme is that the two should not…

  • Dao · the Way

    Both a road and a method, and the texts lean on both senses at once. ‘Knowing the Way’ (知道) is not assent to a doctrine but knowing how to conduct a life;…