The Guarding Qi

衛氣

Wèi qì

This chapter is about how qi is anchored. It opens with the pair that every later discussion assumes: the guarding qi floats outside the channels, the nutritive qi runs inside them, and the two chase one another around a circuit with no seam. From that image the chapter derives a practical map, the root-and-tip scheme of the twelve channels.Each channel is given a root, where its qi rises, and a tip, where it surfaces and can be reached. The roots cluster about the wrists, ankles and feet; the tips are at the head and face, the back, the armpits. Read as a set, the list is a geography of where a channel can be met — near its origin, or where it declares itself on the surface.The second half turns to the qi streets, the four highways by which qi moving in the head, chest, abdomen and shins can be intercepted. The clinical note at the end is exact: press long enough for the finger to feel a response before needling, and expect movable pain to resolve while a painless mass does not.Read as a set, the twelve pairs are a geography of access rather than a chart of points. The yang channels of hand and foot tip out at the eyes, the ears and the face; the yin channels tip out at the tongue, the back and the armpits. A channel can therefore be met near its root, at wrist or ankle, or where it declares itself on the surface. The qi streets apply the same logic to the trunk, where qi gathers in the head, chest, abdomen and shins and can be reached before it disperses.

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20 paragraphs
黃帝曰:五藏者,所以藏精神魂魄者也;六府者,所以受水穀而行化物者也。其氣内干五藏,而外絡肢節,其浮氣之不循經者,爲衛氣,其精氣之行于經者爲營氣。陰陽相隨,外内相貫,如環之無端,亭亭淳淳乎,孰能窮之? 黄帝曰:五藏者,所以藏精神魂魄者也;六府者,所以受水谷而行化物者也。其气内干五藏,而外络肢节,其浮气之不循经者,为卫气,其精气之行于经者为营气。阴阳相随,外内相贯,如环之无端,亭亭淳淳乎,孰能穷之?
Huáng Dì yuē: wǔ zàng zhě, suǒ yǐ cáng jīng shén hún pò zhě yě; liù fǔ zhě, suǒ yǐ shòu shuǐ gǔ ér xíng huà wù zhě yě. qí qì nèi gān wǔ zàng, ér wài luò zhī jié, qí fú qì zhī bù xún jīng zhě, wéi wèi qì, qí jīng qì zhī xíng yú jīng zhě wéi yíng qì. yīn yáng xiāng suí, wài nèi xiāng guàn, rú huán zhī wú duān, tíng tíng chún chún hū, shú néng qióng zhī?
黄帝说:五脏是贮藏精神魂魄的地方,六腑是受纳水谷、传化水谷的地方。脏腑的精气向内贯注五脏,向外联络肢体关节;其中浮行而不沿着经脉走的,叫做卫气;精纯而沿着经脉走的,叫做营气。阴阳相互跟随,内外相互贯通,像圆环一样没有起止,团团流转,谁能穷究它的底细?
The Yellow Emperor said: The five viscera store the essence-spirit and the ethereal and corporeal souls; the six palaces receive water and grain and transform them. Their qi within penetrates the five viscera and without connects the limbs and joints. The floating qi that does not follow the channels is the guarding qi; the refined qi that moves within the channels is the nutritive qi. Yin and yang follow one another, outside and inside run through one another like a ring without end, ceaselessly revolving — who can exhaust it?
然其分别陰陽,皆有標本虚實所離之處。能别陰陽十二經者,知病之所生;候虚實之所在者,能得病之高下。知六府之氣街者,能知解結契紹于門户;能知虚石之堅軟者,知補寫之所在;能知六經標本者,可以無惑于天下。 然其分别阴阳,皆有标本虚实所离之处。能别阴阳十二经者,知病之所生;候虚实之所在者,能得病之高下。知六府之气街者,能知解结契绍于门户;能知虚石之坚软者,知补写之所在;能知六经标本者,可以无惑于天下。
rán qí fēn bié yīn yáng, jiē yǒu biāo běn xū shí suǒ lí zhī chù. néng bié yīn yáng shí èr jīng zhě, zhī bìng zhī suǒ shēng; hòu xū shí zhī suǒ zài zhě, néng dé bìng zhī gāo xià. zhī liù fǔ zhī qì jiē zhě, néng zhī jiě jié qì shào yú mén hù; néng zhī xū shí zhī jiān ruǎn zhě, zhī bǔ xiè zhī suǒ zài; néng zhī liù jīng biāo běn zhě, kě yǐ wú huò yú tiān xià.
然而分别阴阳,都有标本虚实各自分出的处所。能辨别阴阳十二经的,知道病从哪里发生;能诊察虚实所在的,能定出病位的高下;知道六腑气街的,能明白解结接续的关键在门户;能辨别虚实软硬的,知道补泻该用在哪里;知道六经标本的,可以不被天下的事迷惑。
Yet in distinguishing yin and yang, each has a place where root and tip, vacuity and repletion, separate. He who can distinguish the twelve channels of yin and yang knows where disease arises; he who examines where vacuity and repletion lie can determine whether the disease is high or low; he who knows the qi streets of the six palaces understands how knots are untied and gates joined; he who can tell soft from hard knows where to supplement and where to drain; he who knows the roots and tips of the six channels is not perplexed by anything under heaven.
歧伯曰:博哉!聖帝之論!臣請盡意悉言之。 歧伯曰:博哉!圣帝之论!臣请尽意悉言之。
Qí Bó yuē: bó zāi! shèng dì zhī lùn! chén qǐng jìn yì xī yán zhī.
岐伯说:圣帝的论述真广博啊!请让我把意思全部讲出来。
Qi Bo said: How broad is the Sage Emperor’s discourse! I beg to set it out in full.
足太陽之本,在跟以上五寸中,標在兩絡命門。命門者,目也。 足太阳之本,在跟以上五寸中,标在两络命门。命门者,目也。
zú tài yáng zhī běn, zài gēn yǐ shàng wǔ cùn zhōng, biāo zài liǎng luò mìng mén. mìng mén zhě, mù yě.
足太阳经的本,在足跟以上五寸的中间,标在两络的命门。命门就是眼睛。
The root of the foot taiyang is five inches above the heel; its tip is at the two connecting mingmen. Mingmen means the eyes.
足少陽之本,在竅陰之間,標在窗籠之前,窗籠者,耳也。 足少阳之本,在窍阴之间,标在窗笼之前,窗笼者,耳也。
zú shào yáng zhī běn, zài qiào yīn zhī jiān, biāo zài chuāng lóng zhī qián, chuāng lóng zhě, ěr yě.
足少阳经的本,在窍阴穴之间,标在窗笼之前。窗笼就是耳朵。
The root of the foot shaoyang is between qiaoyin; its tip is before the window cage, and the window cage means the ears.
足少陰之本,在内踝下上三寸中,標在背腧與舌下兩脉也。 足少阴之本,在内踝下上三寸中,标在背腧与舌下两脉也。
zú shào yīn zhī běn, zài nèi huái xià shàng sān cùn zhōng, biāo zài bèi shù yǔ shé xià liǎng mài yě.
足少阴经的本,在内踝下方再向上三寸的地方,标在背部腧穴与舌下的两条脉。
The root of the foot shaoyin is three inches above the inner ankle; its tip is at the back transports and the two vessels beneath the tongue.
足厥陰之本,在行間上五寸所,標在背腧也。 足厥阴之本,在行间上五寸所,标在背腧也。
zú jué yīn zhī běn, zài xíng jiān shàng wǔ cùn suǒ, biāo zài bèi shù yě.
足厥阴经的本,在行间穴以上五寸左右,标在背部的腧穴。
The root of the foot jueyin is about five inches above xingjian; its tip is at the back transports.
足陽明之本,在厲兑,標在人迎頰挾頏顙也。 足阳明之本,在厉兑,标在人迎颊挟颃颡也。
zú yáng míng zhī běn, zài lì duì, biāo zài rén yíng jiá xié háng sǎng yě.
足阳明经的本,在厉兑穴,标在人迎穴与颊下挟着颃颡的地方。
The root of the foot yangming is at lidui; its tip is at renying and the cheek holding the hang-sang.
足太陰之本,在中封前上四寸之中,標在背腧與舌本也。 足太阴之本,在中封前上四寸之中,标在背腧与舌本也。
zú tài yīn zhī běn, zài zhōng fēng qián shàng sì cùn zhī zhōng, biāo zài bèi shù yǔ shé běn yě.
足太阴经的本,在中封穴前方上四寸的中间,标在背部腧穴与舌根。
The root of the foot taiyin is four inches in front of zhongfeng; its tip is at the back transports and the root of the tongue.
手太陽之本,在外踝之後,標在命門之上一寸也。 手太阳之本,在外踝之后,标在命门之上一寸也。
shǒu tài yáng zhī běn, zài wài huái zhī hòu, biāo zài mìng mén zhī shàng yī cùn yě.
手太阳经的本,在外踝之后,标在命门以上一寸。
The root of the hand taiyang is behind the outer ankle; its tip is one inch above mingmen.
手少陽之本,在小指次指之間上二寸,標在耳後上角下外眦也。 手少阳之本,在小指次指之间上二寸,标在耳后上角下外眦也。
shǒu shào yáng zhī běn, zài xiǎo zhǐ cì zhǐ zhī jiān shàng èr cùn, biāo zài ěr hòu shàng jiǎo xià wài zì yě.
手少阳经的本,在小指与次指之间上二寸,标在耳后上角之下、外眼角之处。
The root of the hand shaoyang is two inches above the space between the little and ring fingers; its tip is below the upper corner behind the ear, at the outer canthus.
手陽明之本,在肘骨中,上至别陽,標在顔下合鉗上也。 手阳明之本,在肘骨中,上至别阳,标在颜下合钳上也。
shǒu yáng míng zhī běn, zài zhǒu gǔ zhōng, shàng zhì bié yáng, biāo zài yán xià hé qián shàng yě.
手阳明经的本,在肘骨之中,向上到别阳,标在颜面之下与钳骨上端相合的地方。
The root of the hand yangming is in the elbow bone, reaching up to bieyang; its tip is below the face, where it joins above the pincers.
手太陰之本,在寸口之中,標在腋内動也。 手太阴之本,在寸口之中,标在腋内动也。
shǒu tài yīn zhī běn, zài cùn kǒu zhī zhōng, biāo zài yè nèi dòng yě.
手太阴经的本,在寸口之中,标在腋内的动脉。
The root of the hand taiyin is in the inch opening; its tip is the movement within the armpit.
手少陰之本,在鋭骨之端,標在背腧也。 手少阴之本,在锐骨之端,标在背腧也。
shǒu shào yīn zhī běn, zài ruì gǔ zhī duān, biāo zài bèi shù yě.
手少阴经的本,在锐骨的末端,标在背部的腧穴。
The root of the hand shaoyin is at the end of the sharp bone; its tip is at the back transports.
手心主之本,在掌後兩筋之間二寸中,標在腋下下三寸也。 手心主之本,在掌后两筋之间二寸中,标在腋下下三寸也。
shǒu xīn zhǔ zhī běn, zài zhǎng hòu liǎng jīn zhī jiān èr cùn zhōng, biāo zài yè xià xià sān cùn yě.
手心主经的本,在掌后两筋之间二寸的中间,标在腋下三寸。
The root of the hand master of the heart is two inches between the two sinews behind the palm; its tip is three inches below the armpit.
凡候此者,下虚則厥,下盛則𤍠;上虚則眩,上盛則𤍠痛。故石者絶而止之,虚者引而起之。 凡候此者,下虚则厥,下盛则𤍠;上虚则眩,上盛则𤍠痛。故石者绝而止之,虚者引而起之。
fán hòu cǐ zhě, xià xū zé jué, xià shèng zé rè; shàng xū zé xuàn, shàng shèng zé rè tòng. gù shí zhě jué ér zhǐ zhī, xū zhě yǐn ér qǐ zhī.
诊察这些标本,下部虚就会厥冷,下部盛就会发热;上部虚就会眩晕,上部盛就会热痛。所以邪实的要用截断之法止住它,正虚下陷的要用牵引之法提起它。
In examining these, if the lower is vacuous there is cold reversal, if the lower is replete there is heat; if the upper is vacuous there is dizziness, if the upper is replete there is hot pain. Hence the replete are cut off and stopped, the vacuous are drawn up and raised.
請言氣街:胸氣有街,腹氣有街,頭氣有街,脛氣有街。 请言气街:胸气有街,腹气有街,头气有街,胫气有街。
qǐng yán qì jiē: xiōng qì yǒu jiē, fù qì yǒu jiē, tóu qì yǒu jiē, jìng qì yǒu jiē.
再说气街:胸中的气有街,腹中的气有街,头部的气有街,小腿的气有街。
Now the qi streets: the qi of the chest has a street, the qi of the abdomen has a street, the qi of the head has a street, the qi of the shins has a street.
故氣在頭者,止之于腦;氣在胸者,止之膺與背腧;氣在腹者,止之背腧與衝脉干臍左右之動脉者;氣在脛者,止之于氣街與承山踝上以下。 故气在头者,止之于脑;气在胸者,止之膺与背腧;气在腹者,止之背腧与冲脉干脐左右之动脉者;气在胫者,止之于气街与承山踝上以下。
gù qì zài tóu zhě, zhǐ zhī yú nǎo; qì zài xiōng zhě, zhǐ zhī yīng yǔ bèi shù; qì zài fù zhě, zhǐ zhī bèi shù yǔ chōng mài gān qí zuǒ yòu zhī dòng mài zhě; qì zài jìng zhě, zhǐ zhī yú qì jiē yǔ chéng shān huái shàng yǐ xià.
所以气在头部的,止于脑;气在胸部的,止于胸膺与背部腧穴;气在腹部的,止于背部腧穴与冲脉挟脐两旁跳动的脉;气在小腿的,止于气街与承山、踝上以下之处。
Qi in the head stops at the brain; qi in the chest stops at the chest wall and the back transports; qi in the abdomen stops at the back transports and at the throbbing vessels of the penetrating channel beside the navel; qi in the shins stops at the qi street and at chengshan, above and below the ankle.
取此者用毫鍼,必先按而在久應于手,乃刺而予之。 取此者用毫针,必先按而在久应于手,乃刺而予之。
qǔ cǐ zhě yòng háo zhēn, bì xiān àn ér zài jiǔ yīng yú shǒu, nǎi cì ér yǔ zhī.
取这些气街,要用毫针,必须先按压,久久按之而指下有了应手之感,然后进针刺治。
To treat these, use the fine needle: first press firmly and long, until the hand feels a response, then insert and treat.
所治者,頭痛眩仆,腹痛中滿暴脹,及有新積。痛可移者,易已也;積不痛,難已也。 所治者,头痛眩仆,腹痛中满暴胀,及有新积。痛可移者,易已也;积不痛,难已也。
suǒ zhì zhě, tóu tòng xuàn pū, fù tòng zhōng mǎn bào zhàng, jí yǒu xīn jī. tòng kě yí zhě, yì yǐ yě; jī bù tòng, nán yǐ yě.
所治的病症,是头痛、眩晕仆倒、腹痛、腹中胀满、突然胀起,以及新形成的积块。疼痛能够转移的,容易痊愈;积块不痛的,难以痊愈。
What is treated thereby: headache, dizziness and falling, abdominal pain, fullness in the abdomen, sudden distension, and newly formed accumulations. Pain that can shift is easily cured; an accumulation that does not hurt is hard to cure.

Textual notes

Readings follow the base edition; significant variants are recorded here.

  1. 其氣内干五藏其氣内貫五藏

    干讀 gān,犯也、抵也,此謂臟腑之氣内抵於五藏。通行本作貫,貫、干音近,貫主流行,干主抵觸,二者義本相通。下文「衝脉干臍」之干亦同此讀,皆謂抵而行,非干犯爲害之干。

  2. 能知解結契紹于門户能知解結契紹於門户

    契,合也;紹,繼也。結者,氣之聚;門户者,氣之出入。解其結而合其斷,續其脈而通其户,皆取氣街以爲治。此句與上「知六府之氣街」相承,言氣街爲解結續絕之樞。

  3. 能知虚石之堅軟者能知虛實之堅軟者

    石當作實。堅軟指肌膚之觸感,虛實指病性之性質,二者相參,方知補寫所在。石、實音近,傳寫易混。底本作石,未敢遽改,存其形而著其讀,正文仍錄石字。

  4. 衝脉干臍左右之動脉者衝脉夾臍左右之動脉者

    干讀 gān,抵也、挾也,謂衝脉挾臍兩旁而行,其動應手。此與上「内干五藏」同一用法,非干犯之干。臍左右動脉,即育之原、氣海一帶,皆衝脉所過。

  5. 標在腋内動也標在腋内動脉

    動下疑脫脉字。上文諸條皆言脉、言腧、言本,此獨言動,於文不備。腋内動脉即腋下動脈,手太陰之標所在。今錄文仍底本,校記補其脫字,不以意增入正文。

  6. 上至别陽上至别陽

    别陽謂手陽明之别絡出於陽分者。本經自肘骨上行,至别出之陽處而止,故曰上至别陽。别者,分出之謂,非另一經也。

  7. 標在顔下合鉗上也標在顏下合鉗上也

    顔謂眉目之間,此處泛指面頰。鉗骨當耳前顴弓之下,其骨如鉗,故名。合鉗上,謂與鉗骨之上相合,手陽明之標終於面目,故其應在頰車、顴髎之間。

  8. 下虚則厥,下盛則𤍠下虛則厥,下盛則熱

    下謂本,上謂標。本虛則陽氣不上而厥冷,本盛則鬱而爲熱;標虛則清陽不升而眩,標盛則熱聚而痛。四句以本標分上下,非以軀體之上下分也,讀者須與氣街一節分别觀之。

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APA

Huangdi Neijing · Lingshu 黃帝內經靈樞 (Compiled over the same span as the Suwen; the present text was put in order in the Tang.). Wèi qì 衛氣 [The Guarding Qi], Chapter 52. In Classica Sinica Medica. Base text: 《黃帝素問靈樞經》十二卷八十一篇,宋·史崧校定并音釋。據上海涵芬樓《四部叢刊》子部影印明趙府居敬堂刊本錄入,卷首牌記題「上海涵芬樓景明趙府居敬堂刊本」,並記原書版匡高營造尺六寸三分、寬四寸四分。目錄末行作「元二十四卷今併爲十二卷計八十一篇」。底本與影印本均屬公有領域。 Retrieved 29 October 2026, from https://classicstcm.com/classics/huangdi-neijing-lingshu/the-guarding-qi/

MLA

"Wèi qì 衛氣 [The Guarding Qi]." Huangdi Neijing · Lingshu 黃帝內經靈樞, chapter 52, Classica Sinica Medica, 2026, https://classicstcm.com/classics/huangdi-neijing-lingshu/the-guarding-qi/. Accessed 29 Oct. 2026. Base text: 《黃帝素問靈樞經》十二卷八十一篇,宋·史崧校定并音釋。據上海涵芬樓《四部叢刊》子部影印明趙府居敬堂刊本錄入,卷首牌記題「上海涵芬樓景明趙府居敬堂刊本」,並記原書版匡高營造尺六寸三分、寬四寸四分。目錄末行作「元二十四卷今併爲十二卷計八十一篇」。底本與影印本均屬公有領域。

Chinese scholarly

《黃帝內經靈樞·衛氣》(Huángdì Nèijīng Língshū)。《黃帝素問靈樞經》十二卷八十一篇,宋·史崧校定并音釋。據上海涵芬樓《四部叢刊》子部影印明趙府居敬堂刊本錄入,卷首牌記題「上海涵芬樓景明趙府居敬堂刊本」,並記原書版匡高營造尺六寸三分、寬四寸四分。目錄末行作「元二十四卷今併爲十二卷計八十一篇」。底本與影印本均屬公有領域。Classica Sinica Medica,2026 年 10 月 29 日 存取,https://classicstcm.com/classics/huangdi-neijing-lingshu/the-guarding-qi/。

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