Each entry gives the term in traditional and simplified form, its pinyin, the senses it carries in the classical corpus, the passages where it does real work, and how published translations have rendered it.
hán rè
In chapter 42, cold and heat is both the first of the six forms wind takes and the alternative name for li wind. Its mechanism is stated plainly: wind qi lodges between skin and flesh and can neither pass inward nor drain outward, so the same lodged wind reads as chill when the interstices open and as heat when they close.
hán biàn
The illness that follows from failing to keep the rule for spring, and the first of the four penalties Suwen 2 names. It is the only one of the four with a name of its own; the other three borrow names that already exist (痎瘧, 飱泄, 痿厥). The mechanism the chapter gives is short: against the qi of spring, the liver is harmed, and what should have been handed on to summer's growth is too little — so the summer illness is a cold one.
qīng jué
In chapter 22 it belongs to kidney depletion, and sits in a list that is easy to read past: pain in the chest, pain in the upper and lower abdomen, cold counterflow, and a mind without pleasure. That last item is why the two words are worth separating out. This is not merely a chilled patient; it is the picture of an organ that has stopped distributing warmth anywhere — outward to the hands and feet, and inward enough to make the spirits want anything. Later books use the same pair for very different afflictions, but the two directions are always together.
shāng hán
Having been harmed by cold. In chapter 31 this is the single cause named for every heat disease: a person is harmed by cold, the result is heat disease. The chapter's day-by-day account is the account of how that harm spreads — one channel per day, from 巨陽 through the three yang and then into the three yin. The phrase also carries the chapter's last lesson about time: the same cold damage becomes warm disease before the summer solstice and summerheat disease after it, so the cause is one and the names are two.
hán jué
Inversion of the cold kind: yang qi fails below, yin qi is left alone, and the cold spreads up the leg from the toes to above the knee. The chapter lays the cause to conduct rather than weather — a robust man who spends himself through autumn and winter, when yang is meant to be kept — and notes expressly that the cold does not come in from outside.
hán nüè
Malaria whose fit begins with cold and goes on to heat. The chapter's account: sweated by great summerheat, the interstices wide open, one meets the bitter cold of summer water, and it lodges among the interstices and the skin; then autumn brings wind, and the disease is complete. Cold is yin qi, wind is yang qi — struck first by cold, so cold comes first.
hán zhōng
Cold within — 寒 hán, cold; 中 zhōng, within, in the middle — and this chapter names it once: 太陰有餘，病肉痺寒中. 太陰 is the spleen; the spleen governs the flesh and holds the middle; and a surplus of it means dampness winning, which is why the disease it gives is cold in the flesh and cold in the centre at once. The graph 中 is read zhōng here — within, not struck — and the chapter itself supplies the contrast: thirty-four paragraphs on, in the list of what happens when the needle goes into a depot, the same graph is read zhòng, to be struck — 中心、中肝、中肺、中腎、中脾. One graph, two readings, and the chapter uses both. The chapter also has 寒 in a second compound, 寒慄 hán lì, shivering, which is what puncturing the sinews and bones in autumn does; that is cold felt, not cold located.
luàn jīng
The third and worst of chapter 26's three named mistakes: treating when the moon's rim is empty throws the channels into disorder. The chapter does not stop at the name — it lists what the disorder consists of: yin and yang cross, true qi and evil can no longer be distinguished, the evil sinks and lodges, the outside empties while the inside falls into disorder, and the licentious evil rises. It is the only one of the three in which the damage is described as self-perpetuating.
luán jié
The joints drawn up and unable to open — what the chapter says will happen to the person with bone impediment. It is the last link in a chain: withered kidney fat, marrow that does not fill, cold that reaches the bone, and finally the joints.
jīn luán
The sinews drawn up and not letting go — the third of the three signs chapter 48 names together as 癇瘛筋攣, and the one that says what the pulling acts upon. Both occurrences in the chapter come from opposite pulses, a heart pulse full and large and a liver pulse small and tight.
fǎn zhì
Treatment that runs with the disease rather than against it, and the chapter's longest exposition of a single term: 帝曰：反治何謂？歧伯曰：熱因寒用，寒因熱用，塞因塞用，通因通用，必伏其所主，而先其所因，其始則同，其終則異，可使破積，可使潰堅，可使氣和，可使必已. The four clauses are the whole of it: a disease of heat is met with what its heat comes from, a blockage is met with what blocks, a flux with what flows — the medicine agrees with the symptom so that it can reach the cause, and only then turns against it. The chapter's own sentence for this is 其始則同，其終則異, the beginning the same and the end different, and it is why the term is named with 正治 in one breath: 逆者，正治，從者，反治. Its practical form appears later as 諸寒之而熱者，取之陰；熱之而寒者，取之陽，所謂求其屬也.