Each entry gives the term in traditional and simplified form, its pinyin, the senses it carries in the classical corpus, the passages where it does real work, and how published translations have rendered it.
ěr míng
Ringing in the ears, and chapter 49's clearest example of how this chapter explains a symptom: not from the part affected, but from the month. Greater yang governs the first month, and in the first month yang qi that should still be low rises instead; the upward leap is what is heard.
shàng xíng jí ér xià
The rule chapter 29 gives for how a disease travels along its channel: it goes one way until it can go no further, and then it reverses. Yang disease rises to the extreme and then descends; yin disease descends to the extreme and then rises. The chapter has prepared the reader for this by describing the two circuits — yin qi up from the foot to the head and down the arm to the fingertips, yang qi up from the hand to the head and down to the foot — so the statement is a consequence of anatomy rather than an oracle. It also explains the line that follows it: wind, being yang, strikes above first; damp, being yin, strikes below first.
bēn tún
The accumulation of the kidney, described by its movement rather than its substance. 微急，爲沉厥奔豚，足不收，不得前後 — a slightly urgent kidney pulse gives sinking reversal and the running piglet, with the feet not gathered and no passage before or behind. The name says what the patient feels: something rushes up from below, reaches the chest and the throat, and then subsides. The chapter pairs it with 沉厥, sinking reversal, because both are failures of the kidney's downward office; and it adds the two signs that make the diagnosis, cold feet and blocked passages, which are the same failure seen from the other end.
yú yuán shàng wū
Getting over walls and onto roofs — the strongest of the behaviours chapter 30 lists for severe Yangming disease, and the one that prompts its sharpest question: how can a sick man do what he could not do when well? The answer is that the four limbs are the root of all the yang, and when yang is exuberant the limbs become full enough to do what they could not do before. The ability is real but it belongs to the disease.
shǎo qì
In chapter 22 it comes with what may be the chapter's most accurate clinical phrase: too little qi to carry on the breath. The lung has run short, not in air but in the power to continue it, and the sentence catches something every clinician recognises — the pause before the next breath is where it fails, not the breath itself. Deafness and a dry throat arrive in the same sentence, which places the shortage squarely at the lung and nowhere else.
jiān jué
A collapse brought on by prolonged overwork: yang qi becomes distended, the essence is consumed, and by summer the condition breaks out as sudden blindness, deafness and loss of consciousness. The chapter compares it to a dyke bursting.
shàn
A painful swelling, named in chapter 48 twice over: once as what a large, tight, sunken pulse in the kidney or liver makes, and once as what tightness in the third yin makes. The chapter then splits it by site — heart shan when the heart pulse is racing, slippery and tight, lung shan when the lung pulse is sunken and racing — so that one name is held while the pulse alone decides which viscus is meant.
shàn jiǎ
Two abdominal complaints named as one phrase in chapter 18, and given twice. The first time from a pulse: 寸口脉沈而弱，曰寒熱及疝瘕、少腹痛 — sunken and weak at the inch opening means alternating cold and heat, together with shan and jia and pain in the lower abdomen. The second time from a different pulse arriving at the same place: 脉急者，曰疝瘕少腹痛. What the chapter is doing is matching a quality of the pulse to a region of the body; both a sunken weak pulse and a tense one land in the lower abdomen.
dòng lì
Shivering: freezing and trembling. The chapter is interested in the one patient who does not do it — so cold that nothing warms him, and yet still. The explanation is that the liver is one yang and the heart a second, so there is fire enough left that the cold never turns into shivering, even though one water cannot overcome two fires.
xiǎn xī
The shivering of an oncoming cold fit, the word the chapter uses for the yang brightness malaria and, as 洒洒然, for the kidney malaria. It is a binome built from two water-words, and the chapter's doubling of it — 洒淅洒淅 — marks the shivering as coming in waves rather than once.
zhěn jīn
A lasting illness of the sinews, read off a rapid cubit pulse with the sinews tense and visible. Chapter 47 adds two things: the abdomen is necessarily drawn tight, and if white or black colour shows the illness is severe. The word 疹 is the same one the chapter used earlier for an illness that has been allowed to form.
jīn wěi
The flaccidity of the sinews, laid to heat in the liver and, in the chapter's second account, to desire unmet and sexual excess. The Lower Classic is quoted for the summary: sinew flaccidity arises in the liver and comes of sexual excess. It is the one of the five whose cause the chapter gives twice.