淫氣 简体 淫气

yín qì

Overflowing qi · yin qi

Also rendered: overflowing qi (Keeps both the amount and the travel) · excess qi (Right about quantity, silent about direction) · leaking qi (Too accidental; here the route is rule-governed) · yin qi (Bare transliteration — and reads as yin before anything else)

Reviewed · 2026-09

At a glance

Pinyin
yín qì
Simplified
淫气
Literal
淫 is water (水) beside 㸒, and 《說文》 glosses it as water creeping along the grain of a thing — spreading by degrees rather than breaking through. 氣 is grain: the graph was written for fodder given to a guest, and the vapour-sense is a borrowing.
Shuowen
《說文解字》:淫,浸淫隨理也。从水㸒聲(段玉裁注:浸淫者,以漸而入也;引申為凡事之過者);氣,饋客芻米也。从米气聲(氣本饋餉之義,後假借為雲氣之气)。

In brief

The qi a viscus cannot keep to itself. Chapter 21 uses the word three times in a row, and the pattern never varies: the organ that has been spent pushes its qi out, and what spills goes to work on the organ that one overcomes — the kidney’s reaches the lung, the liver’s the spleen, the lung’s the heart. So 淫 here is a quantity and a direction at once: more than the vessel can hold, travelling a route that is already there. Chapter nine uses the same characters reversed, 氣淫, for a season that arrives ahead of its turn — the same idea of excess applied to the calendar rather than to an organ.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
From the kidney, sickening the lung 淫氣病肺
喘出於腎,其淫溢之氣反病其肺
是以夜行則喘出於腎,淫氣病肺 — Suwen 21
2
From the liver, harming the spleen 淫氣害脾
喘出於肝,其淫溢之氣害脾
有所墮恐,喘出於肝,淫氣害脾 — Suwen 21
3
From the lung, injuring the heart 淫氣傷心
喘出於肺,其淫溢之氣傷心
有所驚恐,喘出於肺,淫氣傷心 — Suwen 21
4
The image in the graph itself 浸淫隨理
水沿物之紋理漸入,非潰而成災
《說文解字》:淫,浸淫隨理也 — Shuowen
5
The same idea about a season 氣淫
時令之氣先至太過謂之氣淫,與本篇之淫氣各有所主
第九篇所論氣淫 — Suwen 9

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
3 passages
素問·經脉别論 Suwen 21 · 經脉别論 Read in context →
是以夜行則喘出於腎,淫氣病肺;有所墮恐,喘出於肝,淫氣害脾;有所驚恐,喘出於肺,淫氣傷心;度水跌仆,喘出於腎與骨。 是以夜行则喘出于肾,淫气病肺;有所堕恐,喘出于肝,淫气害脾;有所惊恐,喘出于肺,淫气伤心;度水跌仆,喘出于肾与骨。
Shì yǐ yè xíng zé chuǎn chū yú shèn, yín qì bìng fèi; yǒu suǒ duò kǒng, chuǎn chū yú gān, yín qì hài pí; yǒu suǒ jīng kǒng, chuǎn chū yú fèi, yín qì shāng xīn; dù shuǐ diē pū, chuǎn chū yú shèn yǔ gǔ.
Thus walking by night makes panting issue from the kidney, and its overflowing qi sickens the lung; where there has been a fall and fright, panting issues from the liver and the overflowing qi harms the spleen; where there has been terror, panting issues from the lung and the overflowing qi injures the heart; crossing water and stumbling makes panting issue from the kidney and the bone.
本篇前半之大義:喘之所在為所受之臟,而其淫氣所加則為所勝之臟。腎→肺、肝→脾、肺→心——三例一例不爽,故知「淫氣」非泛然過盛之氣,乃循其所勝而行之溢氣。「淫」從水,《說文》訓「浸淫隨理」,取沿紋理漸入而非潰決之義,與本篇之緩緩成害者正合。第九篇之「氣淫」二字倒文,論時令之氣太過先至,與此同源而異施——彼在時,此在臟。詳見本條義項第五及本站「氣淫」條。
素問·痺論 Suwen 43 · 痺論 Read in context →
淫氣喘息,痺聚在肺;淫氣憂思,痺聚在心;淫氣遺溺,痺聚在腎;淫氣乏竭,痺聚在肝;淫氣肌絶,痺聚在脾。 淫气喘息,痹聚在肺;淫气忧思,痹聚在心;淫气遗溺,痹聚在肾;淫气乏竭,痹聚在肝;淫气肌绝,痹聚在脾。
Yín qì chuǎn xī, bì jù zài fèi; yín qì yōu sī, bì jù zài xīn; yín qì yí niào, bì jù zài shèn; yín qì fá jié, bì jù zài gān; yín qì jī jué, bì jù zài pí.
When the errant qi shows itself as panting, the obstruction gathers in the lung; as worry and thought, in the heart; as bed-wetting, in the kidney; as exhaustion, in the liver; as wasting of the flesh, in the spleen.
「淫氣喘息,痺聚在肺;淫氣憂思,痺聚在心;淫氣遺溺,痺聚在腎;淫氣乏竭,痺聚在肝;淫氣肌絶,痺聚在脾」——**本篇「淫氣」5見,五句一例**;「淫」讀 yín,**王冰「淫氣,謂氣之妄行者也」**。**本篇用法以所見之證定痺之所在**:喘息則聚於肺、憂思則聚於心、遺溺則聚於腎、乏竭則聚於肝、肌絶則聚於脾——**與 ch21「淫氣病肺」之淫溢而傳其所勝者,同字而用法有別**;「絶」讀 jué,**从底本作「絶」不作「絕」**。
素問·生氣通天論 Suwen 3 · 生氣通天論 Read in context →
風客淫氣,精乃亡,邪傷肝也。因而飽食,筋脉横解,腸澼爲痔。因而大飲,則氣逆。因而強力,腎氣乃傷,高骨乃壞。 风客淫气,精乃亡,邪伤肝也。因而饱食,筋脉横解,肠澼为痔。因而大饮,则气逆。因而强力,肾气乃伤,高骨乃坏。
Fēng kè yín qì, jīng nǎi wáng, xié shāng gān yě. yīn ér bǎo shí, jīn mài héng jiě, cháng pì wéi zhì. yīn ér dà yǐn, zé qì nì. yīn ér qiǎng lì, shèn qì nǎi shāng, gāo gǔ nǎi huài.
When wind lodges and its qi overflows, the jing perishes – the evil has wounded the liver. Then if one eats to repletion the sinews and vessels loosen and part, and the intestinal flux becomes piles; if one drinks deeply, the qi counterflows; if one exerts strength, the kidney qi is harmed and the high bones decay with it.
「風客淫氣,精乃亡」——淫氣者,藏氣不能自守而外溢之氣;本篇與「精乃亡,邪傷肝也」連言;**「淫氣」本篇1見**

Compounds built on this term

淫
yín
to spread by excess
說文:浸淫隨理也
淫氣
yín qì
overflowing qi
本篇三見:病肺、害脾、傷心
浸淫
jìn yín
a spreading sore
第十九篇:夏脈太過則身熱膚痛,為浸淫
所勝
suǒ shèng
what it overcomes
淫氣所加,即其所勝之臟
氣淫
qì yín
qi out of season
第九篇:時氣太過之名

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

Wiseman & Fengexcess qiTheir 淫 is regularly excess — the six excesses are the standard instance — and excess qi would follow that usage here.
Unschuldflooding qiHe keeps the water in the graph, which gives the spreading and spends nothing on the route.
This siteoverflowing qiEvery case in the chapter is a vessel that has run over along a channel it already governed: the liver's qi reaches the spleen because liver overcomes spleen. Excess describes a quantity and leaves the itinerary to be explained elsewhere; flooding is too violent for something the text treats as doing harm quietly. Bare transliteration is not an option here, since yin qi in English is read as the yin in yin and yang.

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-09

Search the glossary

Reading path

Guided routes through the corpus, each built on a handful of chapters and their key terms.

See all reading paths