慓悍

piào hàn

Fierce and slippery · piao han

Also rendered: Fierce and slippery (the two adjectives the chapter joins) · Bold and swift (plainer, and it moves the emphasis to courage)

Reviewed · 2026-10-24

At a glance

Pinyin
piào hàn
Simplified
慓悍
Literal
慓 piào — swift, fierce; 悍 hàn — bold, unyielding. Said of qi that moves fast and will not be restrained.
Shuowen
《說文》:慓,疾也;悍,勇也。「慓悍」本篇2見,皆與「滑利」連文。「悍」字3見,別有「氣悍則鍼小」之文。

In brief

The quality of qi in the well-fed and the powerful, and the reason they cannot be needled like common men. 夫王公大人,血食之君,身體柔脆,肌肉軟弱,血氣慓悍滑利 — their bodies are soft and brittle, their flesh slack, and their blood and qi fierce, bold and smooth. The consequence is technical: 氣滑即出疾,其氣濇則出遲,氣悍則鍼小而入淺 — slippery qi lets the needle out quickly, rough qi holds it, and fierce qi needs a small needle and a shallow insertion. Hence 刺布衣者,深以留之;刺大人者,微以徐之. The passage is the book’s clearest statement that technique follows constitution, and it is also a piece of social observation: the rich are not merely different in rank, they are different in flesh.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
The quality 血氣慓悍滑利
急疾而滑利
Blood and qi swift, fierce and smooth.
血氣慓悍滑利 — 靈樞·根結
2
Whose qi it is 夫王公大人,血食之君
膏粱之體多此
The body of lords fed on blood-offerings.
夫王公大人,血食之君,身體柔脆 — 靈樞·根結
3
What it demands 刺大人者,微以徐之
氣悍則鍼小而淺入
Needle them lightly and slowly.
刺大人者,微以徐之 — 靈樞·根結

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
4 passages
靈樞·根結 Read in context →
黃帝曰:逆順五體者,言人骨節之小大,肉之堅脆,皮之厚薄,血之清濁,氣之滑濇,脉之長短,血之多少,經絡之數,余已知之矣。此皆布衣匹夫之士也。夫王公大人,血食之君,身體柔脆,肌肉軟弱,血氣慓悍滑利,其刺之徐疾、淺深、多少,可得同之乎?歧伯答曰:膏粱菽藿之味,何可同也?氣滑即出疾,其氣濇則出遲,氣悍則鍼小而入淺,氣濇則鍼大而入深。深則欲留,淺則欲疾。以此觀之,刺布衣者,深以留之;刺大人者,微以徐之。此皆因氣慓悍滑利也。 黄帝曰:逆顺五体者,言人骨节之小大,肉之坚脆,皮之厚薄,血之清浊,气之滑涩,脉之长短,血之多少,经络之数,余已知之矣。此皆布衣匹夫之士也。夫王公大人,血食之君,身体柔脆,肌肉软弱,血气慓悍滑利,其刺之徐疾、浅深、多少,可得同之乎?歧伯答曰:膏粱菽藿之味,何可同也?气滑即出疾,其气涩则出迟,气悍则针小而入浅,气涩则针大而入深。深则欲留,浅则欲疾。以此观之,刺布衣者,深以留之;刺大人者,微以徐之。此皆因气慓悍滑利也。
Huáng Dì yuē: nì shùn wǔ tǐ zhě, yán rén gǔ jié zhī xiǎo dà, ròu zhī jiān cuì, pí zhī hòu bó, xuè zhī qīng zhuó, qì zhī huá sè, mài zhī cháng duǎn, xuè zhī duō shǎo, jīng luò zhī shù, yú yǐ zhī zhī yǐ. cǐ jiē bù yī pǐ fū zhī shì yě. fū wáng gōng dà rén, xuè shí zhī jūn, shēn tǐ róu cuì, jī ròu ruǎn ruò, xuè qì piào hàn huá lì, qí cì zhī xú jí, qiǎn shēn, duō shǎo, kě dé tóng zhī hū? Qí Bó dá yuē: gāo liáng shū huò zhī wèi, hé kě tóng yě? qì huá jí chū jí, qí qì sè zé chū chí, qì hàn zé zhēn xiǎo ér rù qiǎn, qì sè zé zhēn dà ér rù shēn. shēn zé yù liú, qiǎn zé yù jí. yǐ cǐ guān zhī, cì bù yī zhě, shēn yǐ liú zhī; cì dà rén zhě, wēi yǐ xú zhī. cǐ jiē yīn qì piào hàn huá lì yě.
Huang Di said: The adverse and favorable in the five bodies speaks of the small and large of a person’s joints, the firmness or brittleness of the flesh, the thickness or thinness of the skin, the clarity or turbidity of the blood, the slippery or rough qi, the length or shortness of the pulse, the much or little blood, and the number of channels and network vessels — I already know these. But these are all plain-clothed common men. As for kings, dukes and great men, lords who eat blood-offerings, their bodies are soft and brittle, their flesh slack and weak, their blood and qi violent and slippery and smooth. Can the slow and rapid, the shallow and deep, the much and little of needling them be the same? Qi Bo answered: The flavours of fat grain, beans and leaves — how can they be the same? When the qi is slippery the needle comes out quickly; when the qi is rough it comes out slowly. When the qi is violent one uses a small needle and inserts shallowly; when the qi is rough one uses a large needle and inserts deeply. Deep, one wishes to retain; shallow, one wishes to be quick. Seen this way, in needling the common man one goes deep and retains, and in needling the great man one goes slightly and slowly. This is all because their qi is violent, slippery and smooth.
「慓悍」本篇2見,一在「血氣慓悍滑利」,一在「因氣慓悍滑利也」,皆與「滑利」連文。「氣悍則鍼小而入淺」,即以悍字單舉,與慓悍同義。此段以體質分刺法:布衣深留,大人微徐,非以貴賤異治,以血肉異耳。
靈樞·營衛生會 Read in context →
歧伯曰:此外傷于風,内開腠理,毛蒸理泄,衛氣走之,固不得循其道。此氣慓悍滑疾,見開而出,故不得從其道,故命曰漏泄。 歧伯曰:此外伤于风,内开腠理,毛蒸理泄,卫气走之,固不得循其道。此气慓悍滑疾,见开而出,故不得从其道,故命曰漏泄。
Qí Bó yuē: cǐ wài shāng yú fēng, nèi kāi còu lǐ, máo zhēng lǐ xiè, wèi qì zǒu zhī, gù bù dé xún qí dào. cǐ qì piāo hàn huá jí, xiàn kāi ér chū, gù bù dé cóng qí dào, gù mìng yuē lòu xiè.
Qi Bo said: This is injury by wind from without, opening the interstices within; the hair is steamed and the pores leak, and the guard qi escapes with it, so it cannot follow its path. This qi is fierce, slippery and swift, and comes out wherever there is an opening; hence it cannot keep to its road, and is called the leaking discharge.
「慓悍」營衛生會第12段見,義與本條相合,引全段為證。
靈樞·平人絶榖 Read in context →
伯高曰:臣請言其故。胃大一尺五寸,徑五寸,長二尺六寸,横屈受水榖三斗五升,其中之榖,常留二斗,水一斗五升而滿。上焦泄氣,出其精微,慓悍滑疾。下焦下漑諸腸。 伯高曰:臣请言其故。胃大一尺五寸,径五寸,长二尺六寸,横屈受水榖三斗五升,其中之榖,常留二斗,水一斗五升而满。上焦泄气,出其精微,慓悍滑疾。下焦下漑诸肠。
Bó Gāo yuē: chén qǐng yán qí gù. wèi dà yī chǐ wǔ cùn, jìng wǔ cùn, cháng èr chǐ liù cùn, héng qū shòu shuǐ gǔ sān dǒu wǔ shēng, qí zhōng zhī gǔ, cháng liú èr dǒu, shuǐ yī dǒu wǔ shēng ér mǎn. shàng jiāo xiè qì, chū qí jīng wēi, piào hàn huá jí. xià jiāo xià gài zhū cháng.
Bo Gao said: Let me state the reason. The stomach is one chi and five cun in girth, five cun across and two chi and six cun long; bent crosswise, it receives three dou and five sheng of water and grain, of which two dou of grain are always retained, and it is full with a dou and five sheng of water. The upper jiao disperses qi and sends out its essence, swift and fierce and slippery and rapid. The lower jiao irrigates the intestines below.
「慓悍」平人絶榖第2段見,義與本條相合,引全段為證。
靈樞·論勇 Read in context →
少俞曰:酒者,水穀之精,熟穀之液也。其氣慓悍,其入于胃中,則胃脹,氣上逆,滿于胸中,肝浮膽横,當是之時,固比于勇士,氣衰則悔,與勇士同類,不知避之,名曰酒悖也。 少俞曰:酒者,水谷之精,熟谷之液也。其气慓悍,其入于胃中,则胃胀,气上逆,满于胸中,肝浮胆横,当是之时,固比于勇士,气衰则悔,与勇士同类,不知避之,名曰酒悖也。
shào yú yuē: jiǔ zhě shuǐ gǔ zhī jīng, shú gǔ zhī yè yě. qí qì piào hàn, qí rù yú wèi zhōng, zé wèi zhàng, qì shàng nì, mǎn yú xiōng zhōng, gān fú dǎn héng, dāng shì zhī shí, gù bǐ yú yǒng shì, qì shuāi zé huǐ, yǔ yǒng shì tóng lèi, bù zhī bì zhī, míng yuē jiǔ bèi yě.
Shao Yu said: Wine is the essence of water and grain, the liquid of cooked grain. Its qi is fierce and swift; when it enters the stomach the stomach distends, the qi rebels upward and fills the chest, the liver floats and the gallbladder runs athwart. At that moment he may indeed be compared to the brave man; but when the qi fails he repents. Being of the same kind as the brave man, he yet does not know what to avoid, and this is called the wine rebellion.
「慓悍」論勇第15段見,義與本條相合,引全段為證。

Compounds built on this term

滑利
huá lì
slippery and smooth
本篇連文
血食之君
xuè shí zhī jūn
lords who eat blood-offerings
本篇
膏粱菽藿
gāo liáng shū huò
fat grain, beans and leaves
本篇

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

This sitefierce and slippery慓 is speed and 悍 is refusal to be held
Literalhasty and boldexact, and it sounds like a character sketch
Clinicalan excitable, labile circulationmodern, and it overstates

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-10-24

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