至數 简体 至数

zhì shù

The ultimate numbers

Also rendered: the ultimate numbers (Literal; keeps 至 as the furthest point) · the perfect numbers (Reads 至 as perfection) · the highest reckoning (Expands the gloss)

Reviewed · 2026-09

At a glance

Pinyin
zhì shù
Simplified
至数
Literal
至 to arrive, and so the furthest point (《說文》: 鳥飛从高下至地也 — a bird coming down from height to the ground); 數 to count, and so a number, an accounting (《說文》: 計也). The numbers at the far end: the reckoning that everything else is counted by.
Shuowen
《說文解字》:至,鳥飛从高下至地也(段注:引申為極、為最);數,計也(段注:引申為數目、術數)。

In brief

What the chapter says it is about, in the phrase 請言道之至數 — allow me to speak of the ultimate numbers of the Way. In this chapter the numbers are not arithmetic for its own sake; they are prognostic. Ten days for shallow colour, twenty-one for deep, a hundred for very deep, a hundred for the untreatable. And at the end the chapter says the terrifying thing about them: once the counter-movement has passed, 不復可數 — the count cannot be taken up again. The same word 數 carries both the prognostic numbers and the counting that stops.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
The furthest accounting of the Way 請言道之至數
王冰以「至數」為至極之理數
請言道之至數,五色脉變 — Suwen 15
2
Close at hand and minute 至數之要,迫近以微
其要切近而微細,故著之玉版
至數之要,迫近以微,著之玉版 — Suwen 15
3
Prognostic numbers in practice 十日已……二十一日已……百日已
以色之淺深為期,皆至數之用
其色見淺者,湯液主治,十日已 — Suwen 15
4
The counting that stops 逆行一過,不復可數
逆行而復常序者,生化之數不復可計
逆行一過,不復可數 — Suwen 15

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
4 passages
素問·玉版論要 Suwen 15 · 玉版論要 Read in context →
歧伯對曰:揆度者,度病之淺深也;奇𢘆者,言奇病也。請言道之至數,五色脉變,揆度奇𢘆,道在於一。神轉不回,回則不轉,乃失其機。至數之要,迫近以微,著之玉版,命曰合玉機。 岐伯对曰:揆度者,度病之浅深也;奇𢘆者,言奇病也。请言道之至数,五色脉变,揆度奇𢘆,道在于一。神转不回,回则不转,乃失其机。至数之要,迫近以微,著之玉版,命曰合玉机。
qí bó duì yuē: kuí duó zhě, duó bìng zhī qiǎn shēn yě; qí héng zhě, yán qí bìng yě. qǐng yán dào zhī zhì shù, wǔ sè mài biàn, kuí duó qí héng, dào zài yú yī. shén zhuǎn bù huí, huí zé bù zhuǎn, nǎi shī qí jī. zhì shù zhī yào, pò jìn yǐ wēi, zhù zhī yù bǎn, mìng yuē hé yù jī.
Qibo replies: assessment is measuring the shallowness and depth of an illness; the anomalous speaks of strange illness. Let me speak of the ultimate numbers of the Way: the shifts of the five colours, the shifts of the pulse, assessment and the anomalous — the Way lies in the one. The spirit turns and does not turn back; if it turns back it no longer turns, and so its mechanism is lost. The essential of the ultimate numbers is close at hand and minute; it is inscribed on jade tablets and named “joined to the jade mechanism.”
王冰以「至數」為至極之理數;本篇「至數之要,迫近以微,著之玉版,命曰合玉機」,謂其要切近而微細,故刻玉以傳。下文十日、二十一日、百日之期即至數之用;「逆行一過,不復可數」則至數之窮。與第一篇「術數」、第九篇「氣數」同屬推步之數而所指不同。
素問·玉機真藏論 Suwen 19 · 玉機真藏論 Read in context →
帝瞿然而起,再拜而稽首曰:善。吾得脉之大要,天下至數,五色脉變,揆度奇恒,道在於一。神轉不迴,迴則不轉,乃失其機。至數之要,迫近以微,著之玉版,藏之藏府,每旦讀之,名曰《玉機》。 帝瞿然而起,再拜而稽首曰:善。吾得脉之大要,天下至数,五色脉变,揆度奇恒,道在于一。神转不回,回则不转,乃失其机。至数之要,迫近以微,著之玉版,藏之藏府,每旦读之,名曰《玉机》。
Dì jù rán ér qǐ, zài bài ér qǐ shǒu yuē: shàn. Wú dé mài zhī dà yào, tiān xià zhì shù, wǔ sè mài biàn, kuí duó qí héng, dào zài yú yī. Shén zhuǎn bù huí, huí zé bù zhuǎn, nǎi shī qí jī. Zhì shù zhī yào, pò jìn yǐ wēi, zhù zhī yù bǎn, cáng zhī zàng fǔ, měi dàn dú zhī, míng yuē Yù jī.
The Emperor starts up in alarm, bows twice and touches his head to the ground: “Good. I have the great essentials of the pulse — the ultimate numbers under heaven, the changes of the five colours and the pulse, assessment and the anomalous-constant. The way lies in the one. The spirit turns and does not turn back; if it turns back it no longer turns, and the pivot is lost. The essential of the ultimate numbers is immediate and minute: write it on a jade tablet, store it in the storehouse of the viscera, read it every morning, and call it the Jade Mechanism.”
「吾得脉之大要,天下至數……至數之要,迫近以微」:本篇至數之義,凡二見——「天下至數」者,脈道之極數;「至數之要,迫近以微」者,言其理切近而幽微。與第十五篇「道之至數……著之玉版,命曰合玉機」同條而義進:第十五篇以「道之至數」與五色脉變、揆度奇恒並舉而著之玉版,本篇則全錄其文而益以「藏之藏府,每旦讀之,名曰《玉機》」——二篇同文而本篇為詳,故本篇即以之名篇。
素問·三部九候論 Suwen 20 · 三部九候論 Read in context →
歧伯對曰:妙乎哉問也!此天地之至數。帝曰:願聞天地之至數,合於人形血氣,通決死生,爲之奈何? 歧伯对曰:妙乎哉问也!此天地之至数。帝曰:愿闻天地之至数,合于人形血气,通决死生,为之奈何?
Qí bó duì yuē: miào hū zāi wèn yě! Cǐ tiān dì zhī zhì shù.Dì yuē: yuàn wén tiān dì zhī zhì shù, hé yú rén xíng xuè qì, tōng jué sǐ shēng, wéi zhī nài hé?
Qibo answers: How subtle this question is! This is the ultimate numbering of heaven and earth. “I wish to hear how the ultimate numbering of heaven and earth joins to the human form and to blood and qi, and how it settles life and death throughout. How is it done?”
「歧伯對曰:妙乎哉問也!此天地之至數。……帝曰:願聞天地之至數,合於人形血氣,通決死生,爲之奈何」:本篇至數之義,為三部九候之所從出——天地之至數始於一、終於九,一者天、二者地、三者人,三三而九,以應九野;人亦以是而有三部九候。與第十五篇「道之至數……著之玉版,命曰合玉機」、第十九篇「天下至數……至數之要,迫近以微」同條而義進:第十五篇以「道之至數」與五色脉變、揆度奇恒並舉而著之玉版,第十九篇全錄其文而益以「藏之藏府,每旦讀之,名曰《玉機》」,本篇則先之——帝問九鍼之眾多博大而求其要道,歧伯即以「天地之至數」應之,而下文「故人有三部,部有三候」即其落實。是三篇之至數,皆以數之極者為診法之綱,而本篇為之發端。
素問·天元紀大論 Suwen 66 · 天元紀大論 Read in context →
鬼臾區曰:至數之機,迫迮以微,其來可見,其往可追。敬之者昌,慢之者亡。無道行私,必得天殃。謹奉天道,請言真要。 鬼臾区曰:至数之机,迫迮以微,其来可见,其往可追。敬之者昌,慢之者亡。无道行私,必得天殃。谨奉天道,请言真要。
Guǐ yú qū yuē: zhì shù zhī jī, pò zé yǐ wēi, qí lái kě jiàn, qí wǎng kě zhuī. Jìng zhī zhě chāng, màn zhī zhě wáng. Wú dào xíng sī, bì dé tiān yāng. Jǐn fèng tiān dào, qǐng yán zhēn yào.
Gui Yu Qu said: the hinge of the ultimate numbers is close at hand and minute; its coming can be seen, its going can be followed. Whoever honours it prospers; whoever treats it lightly perishes. To act without the dao and for private ends is certain to bring down the calamity of heaven. Reverently holding to the dao of heaven, let me set out its true essentials.
「至數之機,迫迮以微」——**「至數」讀 zhì shù,本篇3見:此一見,第二十二段二見**;**「迫迮」讀 pò zé,迫迮猶迫近;本站第十五篇引作「至數之要,迫近以微」,與此義同而字異,二處各从底本**;**「機」讀 jī;「微」讀 wēi;「迮」本篇1見**

Compounds built on this term

至
zhì
to arrive; the furthest point
說文:鳥飛从高下至地也
數
shù
number, reckoning
說文:計也;「不復可數」之數讀 shǔ
迫近
pò jìn
close at hand
本篇「至數之要,迫近以微」
術數
shù shù
the computed arts
第一篇「法於陰陽,和於術數」
氣數
qì shù
the numbers of qi
第九篇;與「至數」同屬推步之數

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

Common Englishthe ultimate numbers, or the ultimate principlesBoth are used; the second drops the arithmetic entirely.
This sitethe ultimate numbersThe chapter is a chapter of numbers — ten, twenty-one, a hundred — and it ends by saying that the numbers can stop. Translating 數 as principles loses that, and the closing line 不復可數 is an argument about counting, not about doctrine. Keeping numbers keeps the chapter coherent from its title to its last clause.

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-09

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Reading path

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