róng wèi
Also rendered: Construction and defence (this site; the nourishing and guarding movement of one qi) · Ying and wei (the pinyin pair most English acupuncture writing now uses)
Reviewed · 2026-10-03
At a glance
The two directions of one thing: what flows inward to nourish, and what circles outward to guard. The site carries the halves separately, as 榮氣 (id 1036) and 衛氣 (id 219); chapter 58 carries the pair, and it carries it five times, always in the same way — not as two substances doing two jobs but as one movement that is either going on or has stopped. The chapter’s grammar for it is small and exact. Where they run, nothing needs saying. Where they are checked, they overflow the wrong way round — 榮衛稽留,衛散榮溢,氣竭血著 — and the body reads hot without and short of breath within. Where they do not move at all it suppurates, and the pus eats inward through marrow and outward through the great flesh behind the knee. Where they cannot lodge — 積寒留舍,榮衛不居 — cold has taken the place they should be standing in, and the flesh rolls, the sinews shorten, the inside becomes bone impediment and the outside becomes insensitivity. The remedy given is equally small: 疾冩無怠,以通榮衛, drain promptly without slackening, to put the construction and defence back in motion. Note the graph: the chapter writes it once with water on either side, 滎, which this site reads róng, taking it for the same word; chapter 44’s 滎 is the brook point and stays xíng.
Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.
Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.
| This site | construction and defence | following róng qi (id 1036) and defensive qi (id 219), so that the pair reads as one thing in two directions rather than two things working side by side |
| Modern acupuncture | ying and wei · nutritive and defensive qi | the commonest pair in English teaching, and the one this site avoids because naming them as substances loses the movement the book always names |
| Pinyin only | rong wei | used by some translations; this site glosses it on first use and then treats the pair as translated |
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