斥候

chì hòu

The watchposts · chi hou

Also rendered: The watchposts (this site; 斥候 is a scout, and the chapter uses it for the standing watch kept on the turning of the seasons) · The scouts (shorter, and the sentence is about where they stand rather than about them)

Reviewed · 2026-10-14

At a glance

Pinyin
chì hòu
Simplified
斥候
Literal
斥 chì — to push away, to spy out; 候 hòu — to wait and observe, and the post where one waits (《說文》: 候,伺望也). A 斥候 is a scout, and by extension the watching-post from which the coming of a thing is seen before it arrives.
Shuowen
**《說文》:候,伺望也**。**「斥候」本篇一見**;**「候」字本篇5見,其餘皆「謹候氣宜」「何以候之」之類**;**底本别有「𠉀」3見(司天同𠉀、尺𠉀),與「候」並存,已入校勘**;**此語在本篇所引《大要》之内,上一句為「謹按四維」**

In brief

The watchposts from which the year is watched. The chapter quotes 《大要》 for it: 彼春之暖,爲夏之暑;彼秋之忿,爲冬之怒。謹按四維,斥候皆歸,其終可見,其始可知 — the warmth of spring becomes the heat of summer, the anger of autumn becomes the rage of winter; keep to the four corners and the posts all come home, so that the end can be seen and the beginning known. The word is the chapter’s one military image for the physician’s work: what is watched is not a season but the turning of one season into the next, at the corner where it happens and before it has happened. It belongs with 四維 in the same sentence, and it is why the passage can go on at once to a counted lag of thirty days and to the seasonal pulses of 《脈要》.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
The word 斥候
伺望之候,所以先見其至
斥候皆歸 — Suwen 74
2
Where they stand 四維
四隅之月為候氣之地
謹按四維 — Suwen 74
3
What they watch 彼春之暖,爲夏之暑
一氣之變,先於其時可見
其始可知 — Suwen 74
4
What they give 其終可見,其始可知
終始皆可以候得
此之謂也 — Suwen 74
5
The weather's two pairs 暖與暑、忿與怒
陽之少壯與陰之少壯
彼秋之忿,爲冬之怒 — Suwen 74
6
How precise 又凡三十度也
候之而得其差數
又凡三十度也 — Suwen 74

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
1 passages
Suwen 74 Suwen 74 · 至真要大論 Read in context →
故大要曰:彼春之暖,爲夏之暑;彼秋之忿,爲冬之怒。謹按四維,斥候皆歸,其終可見,其始可知,此之謂也。 故大要曰:彼春之暖,为夏之暑;彼秋之忿,为冬之怒。谨按四维,斥候皆归,其终可见,其始可知,此之谓也。
Gù dà yào yuē: bǐ chūn zhī nuǎn, wéi xià zhī shǔ; bǐ qiū zhī fèn, wéi dōng zhī nù. Jǐn àn sì wéi, chì hòu jiē guī, qí zhōng kě xiàn, qí shǐ kě zhī, cǐ zhī wèi yě.
Hence the Great Essentials says: the warmth of spring becomes the heat of summer; the anger of autumn becomes the wrath of winter. Carefully observe the four corners, and all the watching returns to this: the end can be seen, and the beginning can be known. This is what is meant.
**「斥候」本篇一見,即此句**;**此句為本篇所引《大要》之文,上一句作「謹按四維」**;**「候」字本篇5見,與「𠉀」字3見並存,底本體例不一,已入校勘**;**王冰於此無注,張介賓謂斥候所以伺察四維之氣**

Compounds built on this term

四維
sì wéi
the four quarters of the year
本篇2見;斥候所按之地
謹按四維
jǐn àn sì wéi
keep carefully to the four quarters
本篇一見;斥候之綱
何以候之
hé yǐ hòu zhī
by what is it watched for
本篇一見;六氣之勝,帝以此問
謹候氣宜
jǐn hòu qì yí
watch carefully what fits the qi
本篇一見;與病機同句

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

This sitethe watchpoststhe watching kept at the four corners of the year, from which a season's turn is seen before it happens
Literalthe spiesexact about 斥候, and it puts a battle into a calendar
Descriptivewatching the quarters for the change of the seasonclear, and it loses the two-graph name

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-10-14

Search the glossary

Reading path

Guided routes through the corpus, each built on a handful of chapters and their key terms.

See all reading paths