上焦

shàng jiāo

The upper burner · shang jiao

Also rendered: Upper burner (the standing English term) · Upper scorched (literal, and it sounds like a burn) · Upper heater (clear, and it is wrong: nothing is heated)

Reviewed · 2026-10-25

At a glance

Pinyin
shàng jiāo
Simplified
上焦
Literal
上 shàng — above; 焦 jiāo — scorched, the burnt hollow. The burner is not an organ but a region of the triple burner, and the three are named by height.
Shuowen
《說文》:焦,火所傷也。「上焦」本篇3見:一處言其所出,一處言其象為霧,一處在問語。

In brief

The upper of the three burners, opening at the upper mouth of the stomach. It runs up beside the throat, pierces the diaphragm, spreads in the chest, goes out to the axilla and follows the tai yin, returning to the yang ming; it ascends to the tongue and descends to the foot yang ming. It travels with the camp qi twenty-five degrees in the yang and twenty-five in the yin, and after fifty degrees meets in great assembly at the hand tai yin. Its image is mist: what rises and spreads, moistening the upper body without being seen to do it.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
Where it issues 上焦出于胃上口
上焦出于胃的上口
The upper burner issues from the upper mouth of the stomach.
上焦出于胃上口 — 靈樞·營衛生會
2
How it travels 常與營俱行于陽二十五度
常与营气同行阳分二十五度
It constantly moves with the camp twenty-five degrees in the yang.
常與營俱行于陽二十五度 — 靈樞·營衛生會
3
Its image 上焦如霧
上焦像雾
The upper burner is like mist.
上焦如霧 — 靈樞·營衛生會

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
5 passages
靈樞·營衛生會 Read in context →
歧伯答曰:上焦出于胃上口,並咽以上,貫膈而布胸中,走腋,循太陰之分而行,還至陽明,上至舌,下足陽明,常與營俱行于陽二十五度,行于陰亦二十五度,一周也,故五十度而復太會于手太陰矣。 歧伯答曰:上焦出于胃上口,并咽以上,贯膈而布胸中,走腋,循太阴之分而行,还至阳明,上至舌,下足阳明,常与营俱行于阳二十五度,行于阴亦二十五度,一周也,故五十度而复太会于手太阴矣。
Qí Bó dá yuē: shàng jiāo chū yú wèi shàng kǒu, bìng yān yǐ shàng, guàn gé ér bù xiōng zhōng, zǒu yè, xún tài yīn zhī fèn ér xíng, hái zhì yáng míng, shàng zhì shé, xià zú yáng míng, cháng yǔ yíng jù xíng yú yáng èr shí wǔ dù, xíng yú yīn yì èr shí wǔ dù, yī zhōu yě, gù wǔ shí dù ér fù tài huì yú shǒu tài yīn yǐ.
Qi Bo replied: The upper burner issues from the upper mouth of the stomach, runs up beside the throat, pierces the diaphragm and spreads in the chest, goes to the axilla, follows the division of the tai yin and returns to the yang ming, ascends to the tongue and descends to the foot yang ming. It constantly moves with the camp twenty-five degrees in the yang and twenty-five degrees in the yin, which is one circuit; thus after fifty degrees it meets again in great assembly at the hand tai yin.
「上焦」本篇3見。此段言其所出與所行,篇末「上焦如霧」一語為之定象。
靈樞·决氣 Read in context →
歧伯曰:上焦開發,宣五榖味,熏膚充身,澤毛若霧露之漑,是謂氣。 歧伯曰:上焦开发,宣五榖味,熏肤充身,泽毛若雾露之漑,是谓气。
Qí Bó yuē: shàng jiāo kāi fā, xuān wǔ gǔ wèi, xūn fū chōng shēn, zé máo ruò wù lù zhī gài, shì wèi qì.
Qibo said: the upper burner opens and diffuses the flavours of the five grains, steaming the skin, filling the body, moistening the hair like mist and dew irrigating — this is called qi.
「上焦」决氣第4段見,義與本條相合,引全段為證。
靈樞·平人絶榖 Read in context →
伯高曰:臣請言其故。胃大一尺五寸,徑五寸,長二尺六寸,横屈受水榖三斗五升,其中之榖,常留二斗,水一斗五升而滿。上焦泄氣,出其精微,慓悍滑疾。下焦下漑諸腸。 伯高曰:臣请言其故。胃大一尺五寸,径五寸,长二尺六寸,横屈受水榖三斗五升,其中之榖,常留二斗,水一斗五升而满。上焦泄气,出其精微,慓悍滑疾。下焦下漑诸肠。
Bó Gāo yuē: chén qǐng yán qí gù. wèi dà yī chǐ wǔ cùn, jìng wǔ cùn, cháng èr chǐ liù cùn, héng qū shòu shuǐ gǔ sān dǒu wǔ shēng, qí zhōng zhī gǔ, cháng liú èr dǒu, shuǐ yī dǒu wǔ shēng ér mǎn. shàng jiāo xiè qì, chū qí jīng wēi, piào hàn huá jí. xià jiāo xià gài zhū cháng.
Bo Gao said: Let me state the reason. The stomach is one chi and five cun in girth, five cun across and two chi and six cun long; bent crosswise, it receives three dou and five sheng of water and grain, of which two dou of grain are always retained, and it is full with a dou and five sheng of water. The upper jiao disperses qi and sends out its essence, swift and fierce and slippery and rapid. The lower jiao irrigates the intestines below.
「上焦」平人絶榖第2段見,義與本條相合,引全段為證。
靈樞·五味論 Read in context →
少俞曰:辛入于胃,其氣走于上焦。上焦者,受氣而營諸陽者也。 少俞曰:辛入于胃,其气走于上焦。上焦者,受气而营诸阳者也。
shào yú yuē: xīn rù yú wèi, qí qì zǒu yú shàng jiāo. shàng jiāo zhě, shòu qì ér yíng zhū yáng zhě yě.
Shao Yu said: When pungent enters the stomach, its qi goes to the upper burner. The upper burner is what receives qi and nourishes the yang.
「上焦」五味論第10段見,義與本條相合,引全段為證。
靈樞·癰疽 Read in context →
黃帝曰:余聞腸胃受穀,上焦出氣,以温分肉,而養骨節,通腠理。 黄帝曰:余闻肠胃受谷,上焦出气,以温分肉,而养骨节,通腠理。
Huáng Dì yuē: yú wén cháng wèi shòu gǔ, shàng jiāo chū qì, yǐ wēn fēn ròu, ér yǎng gǔ jié, tōng còu lǐ.
The Emperor said: I have heard that when stomach and intestines receive grain, the upper burner issues qi to warm the flesh, nourish the joints and open the interstices.
「上焦」癰疽第1段見,義與本條相合,引全段為證。

Compounds built on this term

上焦出於胃上口
shàng jiāo chū yú wèi shàng kǒu
the upper burner issues at the cardia
三焦分部之始
上焦如霧
shàng jiāo rú wù
the upper burner is like mist
三焦之象

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

This sitethe upper burnerstandard in the field
Literalupper scorched spaceexact, and it misleads
Functionalthe upper intake regionclear, and it is an interpretation

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-10-25

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Reading path

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