雜合 简体 杂合

zá hé

Miscellany · za he

Also rendered: Patchwork (keeps the contempt, and drops the joining) · Syncretism (learned, and it lends the word a dignity the chapter refuses it)

Reviewed · 2026-10-18

At a glance

Pinyin
zá hé
Simplified
杂合
Literal
雜 zá — mixed, motley, things thrown together without an order; 合 hé — joined, fitted together. 雜合 is speech or treatment made by joining one borrowed piece to another. The emperor asks whether Lei Gong will answer 雜合 — by patchwork — or from something he holds whole.
Shuowen
《說文》:雜,五彩相會,從衣集聲,謂眾色聚於一衣。《說文》:合,合口也,引申為凡相併之稱。本篇「雜合」1見,在帝詰雷公之語;「雜」字2見,另一處為「妄作雜術」,皆貶辭。此與第十二篇「雜合以治」不同:彼謂治法兼用,此謂言語雜湊,同形而異指。

In brief

The emperor’s question has two halves, and they are not the same accusation. 智未及邪 asks whether Lei Gong’s understanding falls short; 將言以雜合耶 asks whether, instead of speaking from what he knows, he will patch an answer together out of pieces. The second is the more serious charge, because it is the failure of the second of the four errors — 受師不卒,妄作雜術,謬言爲道 — where an unfinished education is covered over by borrowed fragments and given the name of a method. 雜合 is therefore not a neutral word for mixture: it is what a physician does when he has no whole to speak from. The same graph returns at the close of the chapter as 雜術, the counterfeit art, and the pair frames the four failures.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
The emperor's suspicion 將言以雜合耶
雜者不純,合者牽合,謂雜湊成說
Za means impure, he means patched together: a doctrine cobbled up from odds and ends.
將言以雜合耶 — 素問·徴四失論
2
Set against understanding 智未及邪
一問智之不及,一問言之無本
One asks whether his understanding falls short, the other whether his words have any root.
智未及邪 — 素問·徴四失論
3
Its later name 妄作雜術
學未終業,則所作者雜
When the study is unfinished, what he makes is mixed.
妄作雜術 — 素問·徴四失論
4
Its companion vice 謬言爲道
雜湊之說,反被自命為道
A cobbled-up doctrine is instead given out as the Way.
謬言爲道 — 素問·徴四失論

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
1 passages
素問·徴四失論 Read in context →
帝曰:子年少,智未及邪?將言以雜合耶? 帝曰:子年少,智未及邪?将言以杂合耶?
Dì yuē: zǐ nián shào, zhì wèi jí yé? Jiāng yán yǐ zá hé yé?
Huang Di said: You are young — is your wisdom not yet there, or are you joining words together at random?
「雜合」本篇1見,在帝兩詰之中;「雜」字2見,一為「雜合」,一為「妄作雜術」,皆貶辭,無一中性。第十二篇「雜合以治」另是一義,已於該篇立目,此不混引。

Compounds built on this term

雜合
zá hé
patchwork, miscellany
言語雜湊,非成學之說
雜術
zá shù
the counterfeit art
學未卒業而妄作
雜合以治
zá hé yǐ zhì
mixing the methods in treating
第十二篇語,另為一目
謬言爲道
miù yán wéi dào
calling a false saying the Way
雜合之說所終

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

This sitemiscellanythings joined without an order, said of speech and of art
Literalmixed-joinedexact, and it does not read as English
Idiomaticpatched togetherclear, and it keeps the reproach

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-10-18

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Reading path

Guided routes through the corpus, each built on a handful of chapters and their key terms.

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