Each entry gives the term in traditional and simplified form, its pinyin, the senses it carries in the classical corpus, the passages where it does real work, and how published translations have rendered it.
píng dàn
The chapter's first rule, and the one a modern reader is most likely to skip past: take the pulse at 平旦, at dawn. The reason given is entirely negative — the yin has not stirred, the yang has not dispersed, no food has been taken, the conduits are not yet full, the network vessels are even, the qi and blood are undisturbed. Diagnosis wants the baseline. It is the same instinct behind asking a patient to sit quietly before the examination begins, stated as a rule about the hour of day.
dé
Not moral goodness in the English sense. De is what something has and does by being itself — and when heaven 'stores' it (藏德), the point is that its efficacy is invisible rather than displayed.
zāi
The disaster itself, and the sixth of the six terms by which this chapter sets out each of the five directions: 德 virtue, 化 transformation, 政 governance, 令 command, 變 change, 災 disaster. It is the only one of the six the chapter names by instance rather than by kind — what the disaster does, not what disaster is: in the east things scatter and fall, in the south they burn, in the centre the rain soaks and collapses, in the west the green falls, in the north there is ice, snow, frost and hail. It is paired with 眚 throughout, and the pair divides the one event into the thing and the place: 災 is what happens, 眚 is where it lands.
chóng yáng chóng yīn
The chapter's verdict on a colour that has crossed to the wrong side: 易重陽死，重陰死. The chapter has just said that colour above is rebellion and below compliance, and that the sides are reversed for men and women; when a case crosses that rule, what you get is one of the two piled on itself, and no pairing left to live on. Chapter 7 already used the same figure in 生陽死陰 and in its 重陰必陽，重陽必陰 — there it is a law of change, here it is a death sentence.
hé liú
Water falling short. 水曰涸流 — water is called dried stream — and its 紀 is 反陽: 涸流之紀，是謂反陽。藏令不舉，化氣乃昌，長氣宣布，蟄蟲不藏，土潤，水泉減，草木條茂，榮秀滿盛. The command of storing is not raised; the transforming qi is the one that prospers; the growing qi is spread abroad; the hibernating creatures do not hide; the earth is moist; the springs fall; the plants put out branches and are full of bloom. It is a mild and generous-looking year with the water gone out of it, and the chapter calls that 反陽 because the yang that should have gone under for the winter has come back up in its place. Its 從 is earth, 從土化也; its harm falls on the kidney, and its 眚 on the north. 靜順 is water storing and keeping low; 涸流 is the same water with nothing left to store.
yōu míng
The dark and the bright, and the two seasons they belong to: 岐伯曰：兩陰交盡，故曰幽；兩陽合明，故曰明。幽明之配，寒暑之異也. The definition is arithmetic done on the names of the two terminal qi. 厥陰 is 兩陰交盡 — two yin meeting their end — and that is 幽; 陽明 is 兩陽合明 — two yang joining their brightness — and that is 明. Set the one against the other and you have the difference of cold and heat. The chapter offers the pair as the ground of the 分至 that follows, so that the solstices and equinoxes can be named from it: 至則氣同，分則氣異.
suǒ shèng rì
The day on which a depot's own phase is at its height and so prevails over the disease — the day on which the sweat is due. Chapter 32 uses the phrase twice, both times as a general rule that gathers up the five depot cases it has just set out, and the five cases show what the phrase means: each depot sweats on the day of its own phase, not on the day of the phase it conquers. The phrase is distinct from the 所勝 of the ordinary five-phase conquest cycle.
rì dié
Spleen illness is clear when the sun declines and worse at sunrise, the reverse of what most readers expect from a yang organ, and the reason is the hour rather than the light: the earth phase holds sway in the wei hour, so the spleen — earth — is clear then, and sunrise belongs to wood, which conquers it. The chapter uses only these two marks for the spleen, dawn to afternoon like the others but with its own two points, because these are the two hours its fate turns on.