Classica Sinica Medica

重實 简体 重实

chóng shí

Doubled repletion · chong shi

Also rendered: doubled repletion (Keeps 重's sense of laying one on another) · repletion upon repletion (More literal, but harder to use as a name)

Pathology

Reviewed · 2026-09

At a glance

Pinyin
chóng shí
Simplified
重实
Literal
重 is doubled, laid one on another — 說文 enters it as 厚, thick — and 實 is repletion, a room full of goods. 重實 is repletion piled on repletion: chapter 26 gives it as the name for what happens when you supplement at the full moon, when blood and qi are already brimming. The chapter names its three mistakes deliberately, and this is the second of them.
Shuowen
《說文解字》：重，厚也。从壬東聲；實，富也。从宀从貫。貫，貨貝也。重實即實上加實，醫書以為誤治之名。本篇之目：月滿而補，血氣揚溢，絡有留血，命曰重實。「重」讀 chóng，重疊之義。

In brief

Repletion piled on repletion, the second of the three named mistakes in chapter 26: supplementing at the full moon, when blood and qi are already at their height, makes them brim over and leaves blood lodged in the network vessels. The other two are 藏虚, emptying the depot by draining as the moon waxes, and 亂經, confounding the channels by treating when the rim is empty. All three are errors of timing rather than of technique — the same needle, the same method, the wrong day.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
Named as a mistake 命曰重實
月滿而補之結果，實上加實
月滿而補，血氣揚溢，絡有留血，命曰重實 — Suwen 26
2
How it happens 血氣揚溢
血氣本已充溢，補之則揚散滿溢
月滿而補，血氣揚溢 — Suwen 26
3
What is left behind 絡有留血
絡脉之中留滯瘀血
絡有留血 — Suwen 26
4
The first of the three 是謂藏虚
月生而瀉，虛其五藏，與重實相對
故日月生而冩，是謂藏虚 — Suwen 26
5
The third of the three 是謂亂經
月郭空而治，亂其經氣
月郭空而治，是謂亂經 — Suwen 26
6
Why the day matters 月滿無補
月滿則禁補，犯之則重實
月生無冩，月滿無補，月郭空無治 — Suwen 26

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
2 passages
素問·八正神明論 Suwen 26 · 八正神明論 Read in context →
月滿而補，血氣揚溢，絡有留血，命曰重實。 月满而补，血气扬溢，络有留血，命曰重实。
Yuè mǎn ér bǔ, xuè qì yáng yì, luò yǒu liú xuè, mìng yuē chóng shí.
To supplement at the full moon makes blood and qi brim over and leaves blood lodged in the network vessels; this is called doubled repletion.
本篇三誤，各有其名：月生而瀉為「藏虚」，月滿而補為「重實」，月郭空而治為「亂經」。**「重」讀 chóng，重疊之義**——不是說補了兩次，而是說月滿之時血氣本已實，補之則實上加實；「實」讀 shí，底本不作「实」。「揚」讀 yáng；「溢」讀 yì；「留」讀 liú；「命」讀 mìng。三誤的共同點是：針不錯、法不錯，錯在時候。上文「月滿無補」四字即是對此而發——同是補法，月不滿則可用，月滿則成重實。這正是篇首「必𠉀日月星辰四時八正之氣，氣定乃剌之」的具體說明：所候者不是病的虛實，而是天時的虛實。
素問·通評虚實論 Suwen 28 · 通評虚實論 Read in context →
帝曰：何謂重實？歧伯曰：所謂重實者，言大熱病，氣熱脉滿，是謂重實。 帝曰：何谓重实？歧伯曰：所谓重实者，言大热病，气热脉满，是谓重实。
Dì yuē: hé wèi chóng shí?Qí bó yuē: suǒ wèi chóng shí zhě, yán dà rè bìng, qì rè mài mǎn, shì wèi chóng shí.
The Emperor says: what is meant by doubled repletion? Qibo says: what is called doubled repletion refers to a great heat disease — the qi hot and the pulse full. This is called doubled repletion.
「重實」之目於第二十六篇已立，彼處是誤補致實：「月滿而補，血氣揚溢，絡有留血，命曰重實」——補之非時，故實上加實。此處則是熱病致實：「言大熱病，氣熱脉滿，是謂重實」——熱在氣分、滿在脉體，二者並見，故曰重。同名而致實之因不同，一由醫之誤，一由病之熱。**「重」讀 chóng，本篇五見**，皆「重疊、加倍」之義，不作輕重之 zhòng；「實」讀 shí，本篇十八見，底本皆作實，不作簡體「实」；「熱」讀 rè；「滿」讀 mǎn。下文「何謂重虚」即就此而反問，重實重虚同篇對舉，是本篇析虛實之綱。

Compounds built on this term

重實
chóng shí
doubled repletion
實上加實，月滿而補之誤
藏虚
zàng xū
emptying the depot
月生而瀉之誤，藏讀 zàng
亂經
luàn jīng
confounding the channels
本站本篇另立目，月郭空而治之誤
留血
liú xuè
lodged blood
絡有留血，重實之徵

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

Wiseman & Fengdouble repletionWiseman's standard rendering for 重 in this sort of cluster; 'double' and 'doubled' differ only in whether the second repletion is counted or performed.
Unschuldrepeated repletionUnschuld reads 重 temporally, as though the repletion were done twice, which is not what the chapter describes.
This sitedoubled repletionWhat the chapter describes is one state laid on top of another that is already there, not two acts; 'doubled' keeps that. We read 重 as chóng, not zhòng, throughout this cluster.

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-09

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Reading path

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