九鍼 简体 九针

jiǔ zhēn

The nine needles

Also rendered: the nine needles (Literal, with the definite article) · nine needles (Without the article; reads as a count) · acupuncture (Modern umbrella term; loses the number and the set)

Reviewed · 2026-09

At a glance

Pinyin
jiǔ zhēn
Simplified
九针
Literal
九 nine; 鍼 needle. Not nine needles in a box but a set of nine named instruments, each with its own shape and use.
Shuowen
《說文解字》:九,陽之變也,象其屈曲究盡之形;鍼,所以縫也(「針」為其俗體)。

In brief

The therapy of the south. The land is low, mist and dew gather, the people eat sour and fermented food, their grain closes up and they cramp. What is needed is the fine needle — Wang Bing: fine means small, and the small needle regulates the waxing and waning of the vessels. Yang Shangshan reads the nine needles as the fine needles. Wang Bing closes by saying the southerners hold them in high honour.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
Fine, small needles 微鍼
王冰:「微,細小也。細小之鍼,調脈衰盛也。」
其治宜微鍼 — Suwen 12
2
A set of nine named instruments 九鍼
名目見《靈樞·九鍼十二原》:鑱、員、鍉、鋒、鈹、員利、毫、長、大
故九鍼者。亦從南方來。 — Suwen 12
3
For cramping and obstruction 其病攣痺
南方濕熱內薄,筋攣脈痺,宜鍼以通之
其病攣痺。其治宜微鍼 — Suwen 12
4
The method of the south 亦從南方來
王冰:「南人盛崇之。」
故九鍼者。亦從南方來。 — Suwen 12

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
8 passages
素問·異法方宜論 Suwen 12 · 異法方宜論 Read in context →
其治宜微鍼。故九鍼者。亦從南方來。 其治宜微针。故九针者。亦从南方来。
qí zhì yí wēi zhēn. gù jiǔ zhēn zhě. yì cóng nán fāng lái.
Their treatment is suited to fine needles. Thus the nine needles. They too came from the south.
南方之民嗜酸而食胕,緻理而赤色,病攣痺,治宜微鍼;故九鍼亦從南方來。王冰:「微,細小也。細小之鍼,調脈衰盛也。」又云:「南人盛崇之。」《靈樞·九鍼十二原》:「欲以微鍼通其經脈。」底本「故九鍼者」下作句號,諸本作逗號。
素問·三部九候論 Suwen 20 · 三部九候論 Read in context →
黄帝問曰:余聞九鍼於夫子,衆多博大,不可勝數。余願聞要道,以屬子孫,傳之後世,著之骨髓,藏之肝肺,歃血而受,不敢妄泄,令合天道,必有終始。上應天光,星辰歷紀,下副四時五行。貴賤更互,冬陰夏陽,以人應之,奈何?願聞其方。 黄帝问曰:余闻九针于夫子,众多博大,不可胜数。余愿闻要道,以属子孙,传之后世,著之骨髓,藏之肝肺,歃血而受,不敢妄泄,令合天道,必有终始。上应天光,星辰历纪,下副四时五行。贵贱更互,冬阴夏阳,以人应之,奈何?愿闻其方。
Huáng dì wèn yuē: yú wén jiǔ zhēn yú fū zǐ, zhòng duō bó dà, bù kě shèng shǔ. Yú yuàn wén yào dào, yǐ zhǔ zǐ sūn, chuán zhī hòu shì, zhù zhī gǔ suǐ, cáng zhī gān fèi, shà xuè ér shòu, bù gǎn wàng xiè, lìng hé tiān dào, bì yǒu zhōng shǐ. Shàng yìng tiān guāng, xīng chén lì jì, xià fù sì shí wǔ xíng. Guì jiàn gēng hù, dōng yīn xià yáng, yǐ rén yìng zhī, nài hé? Yuàn wén qí fāng.
The Yellow Emperor asks: I have heard the nine needles from you, Master — vast and broad, more than can be counted. What I wish to hear is the essential way, so that I may entrust it to sons and grandsons and hand it on to later generations, inscribe it in bone and marrow, store it in liver and lung, and receive it over smeared blood, never daring to leak it out rashly — let it accord with the way of heaven and have both an ending and a beginning. Above it answers to the light of heaven and to the ordered courses of the stars; below it is paired with the four seasons and the five phases. Noble and base alternate, winter is yin and summer yang — how does the human answer to all this? I wish to hear the method.
「余聞九鍼於夫子,衆多博大,不可勝數。余願聞要道」:本篇九鍼之義,在為「要道」之所由起——帝以九鍼之說眾多博大而不可勝數,故求其要,而歧伯答以「此天地之至數」。與第十二篇「九鍼」(南方者……其病攣痺,其治宜九鍼之屬)同條而義別:第十二篇以九鍼為五方治法之一(與砭石、毒藥、灸爇並列),本篇則以九鍼之學為廣博難窮者,而欲約之於「始於一、終於九」之數;下文「故人有三部,部有三候」即其約之之目。
素問·血氣形志 Suwen 24 · 血氣形志 Read in context →
形樂志樂,病生於肉,治之以鍼石。 形乐志乐,病生于肉,治之以针石。
Xíng lè zhì lè, bìng shēng yú ròu, zhì zhī yǐ zhēn shí.
Form at ease and will at ease: the disease arises in the flesh; treat it with needle and stone.
「治之以鍼石」:本篇九鍼之目雖未舉其數,而「鍼」之為用見於治肉一條。與第十二篇已載者同條而義別:第十二篇以九鍼為南方之治而列於五方之法,本篇則以鍼石並稱而為病在肉者之治——彼論九鍼之來處與其所宜之地,本篇則論鍼之施於何位。本篇「剌」八見皆讀 cì,「鍼」字惟此一見。
素問·寶命全形論 Suwen 25 · 寶命全形論 Read in context →
歧伯曰:凡剌之真,必先治神。五藏已定,九候已備,後乃存鍼。 歧伯曰:凡刺之真,必先治神。五藏已定,九候已备,后乃存针。
Qí bó yuē: fán cì zhī zhēn, bì xiān zhì shén. Wǔ zàng yǐ dìng, jiǔ hòu yǐ bèi, hòu nǎi cún zhēn.
Qibo says: The truth of puncturing, in every case, is that the spirit must be governed first. Only when the five viscera are settled and the nine probes are complete does one go on to hold the needle.
「五藏已定,九候已備,後乃存鍼」:本篇之鍼,見於「存鍼」二字——存者存之於心,非持之於手;與上「能存八動之變」之「存」同一字法。與第十二篇九鍼為南方之治、第十四篇「病成名曰逆,則鍼石不能治」、第二十四篇灸剌之治脉者同條而義別:彼論九鍼之所來、其可治之界與其所治之位,本篇則論用鍼之次第——治神、定藏、備候,而後存鍼。底本「鍼」五見皆讀 zhēn。
素問·八正神明論 Suwen 26 · 八正神明論 Read in context →
三部九𠉀爲之原,九鍼之論,不必存也。 三部九候为之原,九针之论,不必存也。
Sān bù jiǔ hòu wéi zhī yuán, jiǔ zhēn zhī lùn, bù bì cún yě.
The three regions and nine indicators are its source; the doctrine of the nine needles need not be retained.
篇末一句以九鍼為輕:「三部九𠉀爲之原,九鍼之論,不必存也」。**「爲」讀 wéi,底本作「爲」不作「為」**;「原」讀 yuán;「存」讀 cún;「鍼」讀 zhēn。這是全篇的收束:診候為本,針具為末。與上文「故員與方非鍼也」同一旨趣——篇中屢言用鍼,而歸結處卻說九鍼之論可以不存,正見本篇之所重者在候時與診候,而不在針具。「不必存」舊注或以為衍文,今仍底本之舊而存其疑。
素問·離合真邪論 Suwen 27 · 離合真邪論 Read in context →
黄帝問曰:余聞九鍼九篇,夫子乃因而九之,九九八十一篇,余盡通其意矣。 黄帝问曰:余闻九针九篇,夫子乃因而九之,九九八十一篇,余尽通其意矣。
Huáng dì wèn yuē: yú wén jiǔ zhēn jiǔ piān, fū zǐ nǎi yīn ér jiǔ zhī, jiǔ jiǔ bā shí yī piān, yú jìn tōng qí yì yǐ.
The Yellow Emperor asks: I have heard that there are nine treatises on the nine needles, and that you, my master, multiplied them by nine — nine nines, eighty-one treatises. I have thoroughly grasped their meaning.
本篇開卷即從九鍼說起:「余聞九鍼九篇,夫子乃因而九之,九九八十一篇,余盡通其意矣」——黃帝先說自己已盡通九鍼之書,然後纔問那書中所未及的一層:邪氣之在經。**「鍼」讀 zhēn,本篇八見,底本無針形**;「篇」讀 piān;「盡」讀 jìn,底本作盡不作尽。九九八十一之數,與《靈樞》九鍼、九變之屬同例,皆以九為極數推衍,非實有八十一篇之目。
素問·通評虚實論 Suwen 28 · 通評虚實論 Read in context →
少陰俞去脊椎三寸傍五,用員利鍼。 少阴俞去脊椎三寸傍五,用员利针。
Shào yīn shù qù jǐ zhuī sān cùn páng wǔ, yòng yuán lì zhēn.
The lesser yin transport points, five of them three inches out from the spinal vertebrae — use the round-sharp needle.
「少陰俞去脊椎三寸傍五,用員利鍼」——員利鍼為《靈樞》九鍼之一,本篇即以其名見之,可補本站此條九鍼之目。**「鍼」讀 zhēn,本篇五見**,底本皆作鍼,不作「針」;**「員」讀 yuán**,通「圓」,與第二十六篇「員者,行也;行者,移也」之「員」同字而義別——彼以員狀補法之運行,此以員狀鍼身之圓;「利」讀 lì;「去」讀 qù;「脊」讀 jǐ;**「椎」讀 zhuī,本篇惟此一見**。下文「剌三鍼」之鍼則計其數,與此處之作器具名者異用。
素問·鍼解 Suwen 54 · 鍼解 Read in context →
黄帝問曰:願聞九鍼之解,虚實之道。 黄帝问曰:愿闻九针之解,虚实之道。
Huáng dì wèn yuē: yuàn wén jiǔ zhēn zhī jiě, xū shí zhī dào.
The Yellow Emperor asks: I wish to hear the explanation of the nine needles, and the way of vacuity and repletion.
「願聞「九」讀 jiǔ「鍼」讀 zhēn之解,虚實之道」——**本篇「九鍼」6見,讀 jiǔ zhēn**;「解」讀 jiě、**篇題「鍼解」之解讀 jiě,解說之義**;**本篇即「九鍼之解」:逐條解說針家舊訓,故一問一答皆以「…者,…也」為式**;**「九鍼」六見**:**「九鍼之解」(篇首之問)、「九鍼最妙」(虚實之要)、「九鍼之名」(各不同形)、「余聞九鍼」(上應天地四時陰陽)、「故曰九鍼」(各有所宜)、「九鍼通九竅」(九鍼之主)**

Compounds built on this term

九
jiǔ
nine
說文:陽之變也
鍼
zhēn
needle
說文:所以縫也。俗體作「針」,簡體列从俗
微鍼
wēi zhēn
the fine needle
王冰:細小之鍼,調脈衰盛也
毫鍼
háo zhēn
the hair-fine needle
九鍼之一,《靈樞》主治痛痺

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

Common Englishnine needlesThe number is usually kept, since the set is a fixed catalogue in the Lingshu.
This sitethe nine needlesAdded the article because this is not nine pins but one named set with nine members, each shaped for its own job. The article is what turns a tally into a collection.

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-09

Search the glossary

Reading path

Guided routes through the corpus, each built on a handful of chapters and their key terms.

See all reading paths