五過 简体 五过

wǔ guò

The five errors · wu guo

Also rendered: The five faults (plainer English, and it loses the sense of passing a mark) · The five excesses (reads 過 as excess, which the chapter does not mean)

Reviewed · 2026-10-17

At a glance

Pinyin
wǔ guò
Simplified
五过
Literal
五 wǔ — five; 過 guò — to pass beyond, and so a fault. The pair does not name five sins of character. It names five places where treatment passes the mark because it has not first asked: of rank and wealth, of food and dwelling, of what the pulse resembles, of the patient's spirit, of how the illness began.
Shuowen
《說文》:過,度也,謂越其所當止。本篇「五過」3見:「故事有五過四德」「不聞五過與四德」「此治之五過也」;「過」字8見,餘五處為「一過」「二過」「三過」「四過」與「過在表裏」。王冰不立總釋,而於五段之末各系一結,「此亦治之一過也」以下五句,自成一篇之骨。

In brief

The five errors are the chapter’s spine, and they are numbered as they arise. The first is to treat a man without asking whether he was once honoured and has fallen, or once rich and has grown poor; no evil has struck him, yet the illness is born within — 脱營 and 失精 — and the physician, finding nothing in the viscera and no change in the form, does not know its name. The second is not to ask of food and dwelling, of sudden joy and sudden hardship, and not to know supplement from drain. The third is to be skilled at the pulse and not to know the way, lacking the matching of kinds and the Congrong. The fourth is to be unable to be stern, unable to stir the spirit, soft and yielding outwardly, until the constant is lost. The fifth is to know neither end nor beginning, to ask nothing of what brought the illness on, and to speak only of the day of death. All five come, the chapter says at the close of the count, of receiving the art without penetrating it and of not understanding human affairs.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
Five ways of passing the mark 五過
五段各以「此治之N過也」作結
Each of the five passages closes with 'this is the Nth error in treatment'.
故事有五過四德 — 素問·疏五過論
2
Not asking of rank and wealth 嘗貴後賤…名曰脱營
病從内生,診之而疑,不知病名
The illness arises from within; the physician feels it and is in doubt, not knowing its name.
此亦治之一過也 — 素問·疏五過論
3
Not asking of food and dwelling 飲食居處,暴樂暴苦
不知補寫,不知病情,精華日脱
Not knowing to supplement or drain, not knowing the condition, the essence-flower drains away day by day.
此治之二過也 — 素問·疏五過論
4
Skilled at the pulse, ignorant of the way 善爲脉者
不比類奇恒、不從容,則診不足貴
Without comparing and classifying the extraordinary and the constant, without unhurried care, the diagnosis is not worth much.
此治之三過也 — 素問·疏五過論
5
Unable to be stern 醫不能嚴,不能動神
外爲柔弱,亂至失常,病不能移
Outwardly soft and yielding, disordered past the point of measure, the illness cannot be moved.
此治之四過也 — 素問·疏五過論
6
Speaking only of the day of death 唯言死日
不問所發,不知終始
Not asking where it began, one does not know its end or its beginning.
此治之五過也 — 素問·疏五過論

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

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1 passages
素問·疏五過論 Read in context →
黄帝曰:嗚呼遠哉,閔閔乎,若視深淵,若迎浮雲。視深淵尚可測,迎浮雲莫知其際。聖人之術,爲萬民式,論裁志意,必有法則,循經守數,按循醫事,爲萬民副。故事有五過四德,汝知之乎? 黄帝曰:呜呼远哉,闵闵乎,若视深渊,若迎浮云。视深渊尚可测,迎浮云莫知其际。圣人之术,为万民式,论裁志意,必有法则,循经守数,按循医事,为万民副。故事有五过四德,汝知之乎?
Huáng dì yuē: wū hū yuǎn zāi, mǐn mǐn hū, ruò shì shēn yuān, ruò yíng fú yún. Shì shēn yuān shàng kě cè, yíng fú yún mò zhī qí jì. Shèng rén zhī shù, wéi wàn mín shì, lùn cái zhì yì, bì yǒu fǎ zé, xún jīng shǒu shù, àn xún yī shì, wéi wàn mín fù. Gù shì yǒu wǔ guò sì dé, rǔ zhī zhī hū?
Huang Di said: How far it reaches, how deep and dark — like looking down into an abyss, like facing the drifting clouds. An abyss may still be measured; the drifting clouds, no one knows their limit. The art of the sage is the model of the ten thousand people; in judging and weighing the will and intent there must be rule and measure; following the canon and keeping to its numbers, proceeding by the affairs of medicine, he becomes the helper of the ten thousand people. Therefore in the affairs of medicine there are five errors and four virtues — do you know them?
「五過」本篇3見,此為首見;「故事有五過四德,汝知之乎」一句,以問發端,全篇五段自此而下;「故事」非故實之謂,猶言舊有此說。

Compounds built on this term

五過四德
wǔ guò sì dé
the five errors and the four virtues
篇首並舉,為全篇之綱
一過
yī guò
the first error
五段各結一過,循序而進
治之過
zhì zhī guò
an error of treatment
五處皆作「此治之N過也」
不知病情
bù zhī bìng qíng
not knowing the condition
一過二過皆以此為言

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

This sitethe five errorsfive numbered ways treatment goes wrong
Literalfive passings-beyondexact, and unusable in English
Clinicalfive failures of diagnosisclear, and it drops treatment from the count

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-10-17

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