五宜

wǔ yí

The five suitabilities · wu yi

Also rendered: The five suitabilities (this site; 宜 is what is fitting, and the five are the fits between a creature and the year it is born into) · The five befittings (literal; older in feel, and it says the same thing with more weight than the chapter's 宜 carries)

Reviewed · 2026-10-13

At a glance

Pinyin
wǔ yí
Simplified
五宜
Literal
五 wǔ — five; 宜 yí — what is fitting, what suits (《說文》: 宜,所安也). 五宜 is the last of the five divisions the chapter makes of 生化 — with the five qi, the five flavours, the five colours and the five classes — and it is the one that turns the year's qi into something a man may act on: what suits the creature under the year it is born into.
Shuowen
**「五宜」本篇1見,止此一句**;**《說文》:宜,所安也**;**其文曰「生化之别,有五氣、五味、五色、五類、五宜也」**;**「各隨其氣之所宜」本篇1見,即五宜之注腳**;**「宜」與「不宜」相對,不宜則衰**

In brief

The fifth of the five divisions of 生化, and the one that makes the year’s qi into a rule for living. The sentence that names it runs: 根于外者亦五,故生化之别,有五氣、五味、五色、五類、五宜也 — what is rooted outside falls into five, so the differences of generation and transformation come out as five qi, five flavours, five colours, five classes and five suitabilities. The chapter has already used the word before this, in the paragraph on the classes: 五類衰盛,各隨其氣之所宜也 — each of the five classes flourishes or declines according to what its own qi is suited to. So 五宜 is the same judgement seen from the creature’s side: not what the year does, but what the year suits, and therefore what may be preserved, carried to term or treated. It is the last term of the chapter’s apparatus and the quietest: 宜 is not a cause, only a fit.

Senses in the classical corpus

1
The graph 五宜
宜者所安,五者五類之所宜
有五宜也 — Suwen 70
2
Its place among five 五氣、五味、五色、五類、五宜
生化之别,分此五者
有五氣、五味、五色 — Suwen 70
3
Its measure 各隨其氣之所宜
宜者,隨歲氣而各得其安
各隨其氣之所宜也 — Suwen 70
4
In treatment 其治某味、其榖某某
在治則為所宜之味與榖
其治苦酸 — Suwen 70
5
Against the unfit 不宜則衰
不宜者,五類衰盛之所由
五類衰盛 — Suwen 70

Occurrences in the classics

Passages where the term does real work, with the original, pinyin and English on the same line.

Display
1 passages
Suwen 70 Suwen 70 · 五常政大論 Read in context →
根于外者亦五,故生化之别,有五氣、五味、五色、五類、五宜也。帝曰:何謂也?歧伯曰:根于中者,命曰神機,神去則機息。根于外者,命曰氣立,氣止則化絶。故各有制,各有勝,各有生,各有成。 根于外者亦五,故生化之别,有五气、五味、五色、五类、五宜也。帝曰:何谓也?歧伯曰:根于中者,命曰神机,神去则机息。根于外者,命曰气立,气止则化绝。故各有制,各有胜,各有生,各有成。
Gēn yú wài zhě yì wǔ, gù shēng huà zhī bié, yǒu wǔ qì, wǔ wèi, wǔ sè, wǔ lèi, wǔ yí yě. Dì yuē: hé wèi yě? Qí bó yuē: gēn yú zhōng zhě, mìng yuē shén jī, shén qù zé jī xī. Gēn yú wài zhě, mìng yuē qì lì, qì zhǐ zé huà jué. Gù gè yǒu zhì, gè yǒu shèng, gè yǒu shēng, gè yǒu chéng.
What is rooted without is also five; hence the distinctions of engendering and transforming are the five qi, the five flavours, the five colours, the five classes and the five suitabilities. Huang Di said: what does that mean? Qi Bo said: what is rooted within is named the spirit mechanism — when the spirit goes the mechanism ceases. What is rooted without is named the standing of qi — when the qi stops transformation is cut off. Therefore each has its constraint, each its prevailing, each its engendering, each its completion.
**「五宜」本篇1見,止此一句**;**此段曰「生化之别,有五氣、五味、五色、五類、五宜也」,為五宜之所出**;**「各隨其氣之所宜」本篇1見,見於論五類之段,即五宜之註**;**此段別有「根于中者,命曰神機」「根于外者,命曰氣立」,與五宜同段**

Compounds built on this term

五類
wǔ lèi
the five classes
本篇3見
五味
wǔ wèi
the five flavours
本篇2見
五氣
wǔ qì
the five qi
本篇1見
五色
wǔ sè
the five colours
本篇1見
氣立
qì lì
the qi that stands
本篇1見

How it has been translated

Every rendering below is a decision about which reader is being addressed. There is no neutral option.

This sitethe five suitabilitieswhat the year suits, taken five ways; the rendering keeps 宜 a fit rather than a rule
Transliterationwu yiright about the referent, and it explains nothing about fitting
Descriptivethe five things the year is fit forexact about the creature's side, and it drops the parallel with 五氣、五味、五色、五類

Entry status

Review pending — who reviews this?

2026-10-13

Search the glossary

Reading path

Guided routes through the corpus, each built on a handful of chapters and their key terms.

See all reading paths