難經
Nàn jīng
Classic of Difficult Issues

Eighty-one questions, each one a problem the Inner Canon leaves open.

The Nanjing takes the shape of an examination: eighty-one questions, each pressing on a point the Inner Canon states but does not defend — why the pulse is taken at the wrist, why one vessel is called the source, what the three burners are.

Its importance for a reader is that it is the earliest text that argues rather than asserts. Nothing is transcribed yet.

Chapters

Chapters are listed in the order of the base text. Those already transcribed open into the three-layer reader.

Quick facts

Original title
難經
Pinyin
Nàn jīng
English title
Classic of Difficult Issues
Compiled
Traditionally attributed to Qin Yueren (Bian Que); in its present form no earlier than the Han.
Extent
81 difficulties
Rights status
to_confirm
Period
Warring States–Han

Base text & rights

Rights status for the base text, facsimiles and any modern critical edition is recorded in the Rights & sources register. Entries still marked 待最終確認 are not cleared for reproduction.